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Various parts of Sesbania grandiflora have been used in the Indian system of medicine, in particular, the leaves of S. grandiflora are used in Ayurveda for the treatment of epileptic fits. In the present study we have evaluated the anticonvulsive activity of S. grandiflora leaves using a variety of animal models of convulsions. Bioassay guided separation was also carried out to identify the fraction possessing anticonvulsant activity. The benzene:ethyl acetate fraction (BE) of the acetone soluble part of a petroleum ether extract significantly delayed the onset of convulsions in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and strychnine (STR)- induced seizures in mice and reduced the duration of tonic hindleg extension in the maximum electroconvulsive shock (MES) induced seizures in mice. The BE contained a triterpene as a major component. In addition, the BE also inhibited electrically induced kindled seizures in mice and lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. It prolonged the duration of sleep induced by pentobarbital and antagonized the effect of D-amphetamine. Mice treated with BE preferred to remain in the open arm of the elevated plus maze indicating anxiolytic activity. The BE raised the brain contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin. Thus the triterpene containing fraction of S. grandiflora exhibits a wide spectrum of anticonvulsant profile and anxiolytic activity.

Background and Aim Despite advances in modern medicine, the development and growth of calculi continues to be a source of concern for mankind, as there is no effective treatment for kidney stones. In the present study we investigated antiurolithiatic activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum Lam against sodium oxalate (NaOx) induced urolithiasis in rats. Experimental procedure In rats with renal calculi caused by sodium oxalate (NaOx, 70 mg/kg, i.p.); the antiurolithiatic action of Bryophyllum pinnatum hydroalcoholic extract (BPHE) was studied. BPHE was given every day orally at doses of 50, 200 mg/kg for 14 days to rats to examine activity against sodium oxalate (NaOx) mediated urolithiasis, with Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) as a reference standard. The effect of the extract on urine oxalate, creatinine and phosphate retention and excretion in the kidney, as well as serum and biochemical analysis of kidney homogenate and histopathological examinations were studied. Results and conclusion Oral administration of BPHE at doses of 50,100, and 200 mg/kg to rats with sodium oxalate-mediated renal calculi showed dose-dependent substantial (P<0.05) antiurolithiatic potential, with notable reversal of NaOx-induced ion excretion and urinary CaOx concentration. These findings justify the traditional use of Bryophyllum pinnatum hydroalcoholic extract (BPHE) in the treatment of renal calculi.

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