Uranium is one of the most studied actinoids, widely used in the nuclear industry, and can accumulate in drinking water, soil, plants, and calcium-containing body tissues. The purpose of the work was to investigate the presence of uranium isotopes U-235 and U-238 in the composition of kidney stones of patients with urolithiasis living in the Kharkiv region. The content of U-235 and U-238 was investigated in samples of kidney stones obtained as a result of minimally invasive surgical interventions for urolithiasis in 57 patients, residents of the Kharkiv region, using gamma activation analysis on a linear electron accelerator. According to the results of our research U-235 and U-238 were detected in 13 (27%) samples of calcium-containing kidney stones, the mineral composition of which was represented by calcium oxalate monohydrate (wevellite), calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite) and phosphate-calcium compounds (apatite, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, carbonateapatite). The content of the above-mentioned isotopes in the composition of kidney stones was equal to ~ 1 ppm (mkg/g). We concluded that timely treatment of urolithiasis will help minimize the toxic effect of uranium on kidney structures. Keywords: uranium, Kharkiv region, uroliths.

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Surgical treatment is the main therapy for patients with renal cell carcinoma. The current approach in the treatment of kidney tumours has become widely introduced into nephron-sparing surgery. This approach is usually applied in cases of complex surgeries for large-size tumours with intravenous extension, multifocal, and intraparenchymal renal tumours. The purpose of the study was to investigate the results of nephron-sparing surgery for intraparenchymal renal tumours. Material and methods. The results were obtained in the process of nephron-sparing surgery treatment of 701 patients with renal tumours. After the distribution of all patients according to the criterion of "intraparenchymal renal tumours", we assessed 27 (3,9%) cases of nephron-sparing surgery. There were also 674 (96,1%) patients with exophytic renal tumors. Results. We managed to obtain the information about long-term treatment outcomes from 606 (86.4%) patients. There were 25 (4,1%) patients with intraparenchymal renal tumors. The observation of patients showed that there were cases of death and disease progression for various reasons during 46.5±2.1 months on average. The results of the comparative statistical analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival among patients with intraparenchymal renal tumors made up 88.0% of the cases and among the patients with exophytic renal tumors it was 94.8%. The differences were not significant (p> 0.430). At the same time, the 5-year overall progression-free survival was obtained in 88.9% of the patients with intraparenchymal renal tumors and in 95.2% (p <0.041) of patients with exophytic renal tumors. Conclusion. The problem of nephron-sparing treatment of intraparenchymal renal tumors is an urgent issue. Research has shown that such tumors are complex for nephron-sparing surgery, require complex treatment technologies that affect surgical results. At the same time, positive oncological results demonstrate that nephron-sparing treatment is an effective method of treating fully intraparenchymal renal tumors.

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