The work is aimed at the development of application methods of graminicides and anti-dicotyledonous herbicides on oil flax in the area of unstable moistening of the south of Russia. The application of preparations against dicotyledonous weeds Tifi, Sekator Turbo or Magnum, followed by the treatment of sowings with Miura graminicide, contributed to obtaining an increase in yield of 0.14, 0.12, and 0.11 t/ha, respectively, in comparison to the untreated sowings. We observed an increase in crop yield by 0.09-0.12 t/ha with the application of anti-dicotyledonous herbicide Cleo and graminicide Miura, regardless of their application method. The tank mixtures Tifi + Miura and Magnum + Miura had a phytotoxic effect on oil flax, which, in comparison to the control, led to a decrease in yield by 0.04 and 0.09 t/ha and in oil content of seeds by 1.1 and 0.8%, respectively.
Урожайность и качественные показатели крупной фракции семян при выращивании сортов кондитерского подсолнечника с разной густотой стояния растений // Масличные куль туры.-2019.-Вып. 2 (178).-С. 47-54. Ключевые слова: кондитерский подсолнечник, сорт, густота стояния растений, фракция семян, урожайность, структура и качество урожая.
In the period of 2008-2014, we carried out the field experiments to evaluate the efficiency of soybean inoculation with Russian and foreign preparations of nodule bacteria on various subtypes of chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. All studied inoculants ensured an increase of soybean yield: on ordinary chernozem – on average, by 18.8 % (0.34 t/ha), on leached and typical chernozems – by 14.9 % (0.30 t/ha), on meadow chernozem of rice fields – by 59.1 % (1.04 t/ha). The protein content from inoculation increased by 1.7-1.9 %, in rice crop rotations – by 4.0-4.9 %. There was no significant difference in efficiency between Russian and foreign inoculants. In 2018-2019, in a field experiment on leached chernozem we established the varietal specificity by reaction to inoculation with various strains of rhizobia in new soybean varieties Bars and Irbis, confirming the expediency of selecting complementary pairs in the system soybean variety – rhizobia strain.
The conducted research was aimed at studying new systems of weed plants control during cultivation of oil flax. We carried out the field studies in the south of Russia in the Krasnodar region on leached chernozem during 3 years. We found that the application of preemergent herbicides Frontier Optima, EC (1.2 l/ha) and Dual Gold, EC (1.6 l/ha) provides an efficient weed control, contributes to higher crop productivity and cost-effectiveness indicators compared to the used in the production method of spraying vegetative plants with a tank mixture of herbicides. The application of preemergent herbicides will increase the competitiveness of oil flax cultivation and help receiving good economic effect. The herbicide Gardo Gold, SC (4.0 l/ha) and a tank mixture of herbicides Dual Gold, EC (1.6 l/ha) + Gezagard, SC (3.5 l/ha) are not recommended for application on oil flax due to the phytotoxic effect on the crop, which decreases the yield and oil content of seeds.
Для цитирования: Лукомец В.М., Тишков Н.М.Использование послеуборочных растительных остатков сои для компенсации расхода гумуса и выноса азота, фосфора и калия с урожаем семян // Масличные культуры. Научно-технический бюл-летень Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института масличных культур. -2018. -Вып. 1 (173). -С. 47-54.Ключевые слова: чернозём выщелоченный, соя, надземные растительные остатки, возврат в почву, гумус, компенсация выноса питательных элементов.В 2015-2016 гг. на чернозёме выщелоченном в звене зернопропашного севооборота соя -озимая пшеница изучено накопление сухой надземной биомассы растениями сои, поглощение азота, фосфора и калия семенами и вегетативной массой при внесении минеральных удобрений. Выявлено, что вносимые удобрения способствовали увели-чению накопления вегетативной массы растений относительно неудобренного контроля на 0,31-0,37 т/га. С использованием нормативного коэф-фициента гумификации растительных остатков зернобобовых культур рассчитано, что только за счёт внесения измельчённых остатков в почву из них дополнительно можно получить 0,88-0,95 т/га новообразованного гумуса с компенсацией его расхода под посевами сои 42,4-43,1 %. Рассчита-но, что с возвратом в почву 4,32-4,95 т/га сухой массы растительных остатков сои с ними под озимую пшеницу поступает 49,3-56,0 кг/га азота, 9,5-11,9 фосфора и 36,3-40,9 кг/га калия. Компен-сация отчуждения элементов питания с урожаем семян сои достигает: азота -33,9-35,3 %, фосфора -35,3-37,7 и калия -91,1-95,8 %. На образование одной тонны семян в среднем расходуется 86,9 кг азота (с учётом симбиотической азотфиксации), 16,7 фосфора и 33,9 кг калия при соотношении элементов питания в расходе N : P : K = 1 : 0,19 : 0,38. Key words: leached chernozem, soybean, overhead plant residues, return into soil, humus, compensation of nutrients utilization.Accumulation of dry overhead biomass by soybean plants, consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by seeds and vegetative mass under application of mineral fertilizers were studied crop rotation soybean -winter wheat on leached chernozem in 2015-2016. Applied fertilizers caused increase of plants vegetative mass accumulation compare to control variant without fertilization by 0.31-0.37 t per ha. Usage normative coefficient of humification of leguminous plant residues allowed calculating extra humus formation at the rate about 0.88-0.95 t per ha after application of chopped residues into soil and compensation of its consumption under soybean 42.4-43.1%. Return into soil of 4.32-4.95 t per ha of dry soybean plant residues gives 49.3-56.0 kg per ha of nitrogen, 9.5-11.9 of phosphorus and 36.3-40.9 kg per ha of potassium under winter wheat. Compensation of nutrients utilization with soybean seeds yield reached up to: nitrogen -33.9-35.3%, phosphorus -35.3-37.7 and potassium -91.1-95.8%. To form a ton of seeds it is necessary on average: 86.9 kg of nitrogen (including symbiotic nitrogen fixation), 16.7 of phosphorus and 33.9 kg of potassium at nutrients ratio in consumption N : P : K = 1 : 0.19 ...
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