Various image denoising algorithms have been developed for medical imaging. But some disadvantages have been found, including the block effect, which increases smoothing, and the loss of image detail. Using the statistical properties of observed noisy images, we propose a new diffusivity function-based partial differential equation method for image denoising. This model incorporates a Quaternion Wavelet Transform for the generation of the various noisy image coefficients, an improved generalized cross-validation function for generating the optimal threshold value via the soft threshold function, and a new diffusivity function for controlling the diffusion process. The fourth-order PDE diffusivity function, which is presented in this article, is a novel diffusion coefficient that is more effective at removing noise and preserving edges than previous approaches. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, structural similarity index, and comparisons to other traditional methods.

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Radio frequency identification (RFID) based electronic voting machine (EVM) with fingerprint module overcomes the challenges of wired electronic voting. Finger print module is to authenticate the voters. In this paper the system is constructed with microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), RS232 cable, RFID reader, RFID tag, fingerprint module and buzzer alarm. Dishonest voting will be avoided if the government uses the biometric based system. The details of all voters with their fingerprint will be stored in the database. Database is kept in microcontroller. Microcontroller verifies the voter by comparing the database during polling. If a person with RFID comes for second time voting, immediately the buzzer gives sound. The RFID base EVM will reduce time consumption. When compared to the existing voting system, the system in this paper is expected to be fast and reliable. The voters’ details will not be revealed out. For every polling end, the button should be pressed for getting the number of votes polled.

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The practical problems in the present irrigation methods are overcome by sensing the local soil water level. If the water level is low, the system sprinkles water by using pump motor by means of relay. The soil fertilizer level, humidity and temperature of the field are also checked by using the corresponding sensors. The current status is always displayed in the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). If any abnormality occurs, then the message is sent to the owner by means of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Disease monitoring of the crops is done by segmentation. Irrigation control can reduce water consumption.