Introduction: The field of nutritional psychiatry is a fast-growing one. Although initially, it focused on the effects of vitamins and micronutrients in mental health, in the last decade, its focus also extended to the dietary patterns. The possibility of a dietary cost-effective intervention in the most common mental disorder, depression, cannot be overlooked due to its potential large-scale impact. Method: A classic review of the literature was conducted, and studies published between 2010 and 2018 focusing on the impact of dietary patterns in depression and depressive symptoms were included. Results: We found 10 studies that matched our criteria. Most studies showed an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns, rich in fruits, vegetables, lean meats, nuts and whole grains, and with low intake of processed and sugary foods, and depression and depressive symptoms throughout an array of age groups, although some authors reported statistical significance only in women. While most studies were of cross-sectional design, making it difficult to infer causality, a randomized controlled trial presented similar results. Discussion: he association between dietary patterns and depression is now well-established, although the exact etiological pathways are still unknown. Dietary intervention, with the implementation of healthier dietary patterns, closer to the traditional ones, can play an important role in the prevention and adjunctive therapy of depression and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: More large-scale randomized clinical trials need to be conducted, in order to confirm the association between high-quality dietary patterns and lower risk of depression and depressive symptoms.

The kinetic profile of gentamicin in premature infants has been studied to enable the development of optimized dosage schedules for neonatal intensive-care units and to stress the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters and several demographic, developmental and clinical factors which might be associated with changes in gentamicin disposition. Sixty-eight newborn patients of 24- to 34-weeks gestational age and 600-3,100 g current weight in their first week of life, undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring of their gentamicin serum levels, were included in this retrospective analysis. Gentamicin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined through non-linear regression by using a single-compartment open model. By regression analysis the current weight (g) was shown to be the strongest co-variate, and both gentamicin clearance (L h(-1)) and volume of distribution (L) had to be normalized. Additionally, gentamicin clearance depended on gestational age with a cut-off at 30 weeks, which allowed the division of the overall population into two subsets (< 30 weeks and between 30-34 weeks of gestational age). The younger neonates (<30 weeks of gestational age) showed a lower gentamicin clearance (0.0288 vs 0.0340 L h(-1) kg(-1)), a slightly higher volume of distribution (0.464 vs 0.435 L kg(-1)), and a longer half-life (11.17 vs 8.88 h) compared with the older subgroup (30-34 weeks of gestational age). On the basis of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, we suggest loading doses of 3.7 and 3.5 mg kg(-1) for the two subgroups of neonates (<30 weeks and 30-34 weeks of gestational age), respectively. The appropriate maintenance doses in accordance with the characteristics of the patients should be 2.8 mgkg(-1)/24h and 2.6 mg kg(-1)/18 h for neonates < 30 weeks and between 30-34 weeks of gestational age, respectively. Finally, when compared with previous studies, the information obtained on the pharmacokinetics and determinants of the pharmacokinetic variability of gentamicin in neonates was shown to be consistent.

Introduction:The comorbidity between headaches and psychiatric disorders is common and may be explained by different mechanisms in terms of uni or bi-directional models, or sharing of genetic and environmental risk factors relating to development of both clinical conditions. The presence of this comorbidity has important implications for patients with headaches and for patients with psychiatric disorders, worsens the clinical situation, increases the risk of chronicity, the pain intensity and the rate of treatment failure. Material and Methods:The authors performed a descriptive, retrospective study of prevalence, involving 250 patients seen in Psychiatry -Headaches liaison consultation, over a period of 3 years, from July 1, 2011 to July 1, 2013. The authors undertook the analysis of the clinical records, in respect to sociodemographic and clinical data, neurological and psychiatric diagnosis and prescribed therapy. Results and Discussion: During this period were made 689 liaison consultations, with a prevalence of female patients (84%) and a mean age of 47 years. The tension type headache (60.8%), migraine (24.8%) and headache attributed to psychiatric disorders (7.2%) were the most prevalent types of headaches. Mood disorders (62%) and neurotic stress related disorders (39.2%) were the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses. The therapeutic intervention in these cases emphasizes the multidisciplinary approach with the collaboration of Neurologist and Psychiatrist, based in psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral intervention and psychopharmacological treatment. Conclusion:Given the complexity of the clinical picture in cases of comorbidity, the experience of psychiatry liaison consultation and multidisciplinary intervention has proved particularly valuable in treating these patients, configuring itself as the proper treatment of this comorbidity. Keywords: Comorbidity; Headache; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry. INTRODUÇÃOSegundo a Classificação Internacional de Cefaleias da Sociedade Internacional de Cefaleias (ICHD-3 beta),1 estas podem ser divididas em Cefaleias primárias, ou cefaleias secundárias quando ocorrem pela primeira vez em estreita relação temporal com outra alteração que é uma causa reconhecida de cefaleias.As cefaleias primárias compreendem a enxaqueca com ou sem aura, as cefaleias tipo tensão e a cefaleia em salvas, o tipo mais conhecido das cefaleias trigémino-autonómicas. As cefaleias secundárias podem ser devidas a situações de traumatismo crânio-encefálico e/ou cervical, doença vascular craniana ou cervical, perturbação intracraniana não vascular, uso de substâncias ou sua privação, infecção, perturbação da homeostase, perturbação de estruturas cranianas ou faciais e perturbações psiquiátricas. Por fim a parte 3 engloba as neuropatias cranianas dolorosas, outras dores faciais e outras cefaleias.As cefaleias primárias são geralmente conceptualizadas

This article has been withdrawn for editorial reasons because the journal will be published only in English. In order to avoid duplicated records, this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rppnen.2014.04.009. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.

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