AA is a rare locally invasive mesenchymal tumor predominantly presenting in women of reproductive age group, having a moderate to high risk for local relapse. Hence, it needs to be differentiated from another mesenchymal tumor occuring in this region. We present a case of a 50 year old female with a large, polypoidal, spongy mass on the right labia majora.

Among all benign primary ovarian smooth muscle tumors, ovarian leiomyoma is uncommon accounting for .5-1% of all tumors. most of these are unilateral small in size and generally occur in premenopausal women. this paper presents a case report of primary ovarian leiomyoma i.e. 29 years old women with complaints of abdominal pain. the right ovarian mass was histologically diagnosed as ovarian leiomyoma. unlike other smooth muscle tumors of uterine origin, there are no definite histological criteria to categorize smooth muscle tumor of ovary.

Background: A birth defect or congenital anomaly is an abnormality of structure, function or body metabolism that is present at birth and results in physical or mental disability. Evaluation and management of newborns with one or more malformations present a significant challenge to the healthcare providers and families. Despite major advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis, malformations remain a leading cause of infant mortality. This study brings about the prevalence of congenital anomalies among antenatal patients delivering beyond the period of viability, 22 weeks in a tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu and also the pattern of anomalies, along with the associated factors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study with nested case control design was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Taminadu for one year from July 2015 to June 2016. Those fetuses induced in second trimester following detection by ultrasound and those babies detected to have congenital anomalies by postnatal examination were included in the study. Data of 191 cases and 191 controls were collected by interviewing the mothers and reviewing the existing patient records. Relevant antenatal, natal, postnatal and past illnesses were recorded in a proforma and analysed. Results: In the study period, 191 babies out of 9877 were anomalous with a prevalence of 1.93%. Anomalies of the central nervous system were the commonest (35.6%). The ultrasound detection rate was 67.01%. Maternal age >25 years was seen in 55%. About 15.7% of the mothers had consanguineous marriage. The distribution among primigravida and multipara are almost similar.16.2% of cases had a history of infertility in the mother. 8.4% of the cases had a family history. About 4.7% cases had a history of exposure to antiepileptic drugs. Maternal diabetes mellitus and epilepsy contributed 32.5% and 4.5% of cases respectively. Intrauterine growth restriction and amniotic fluid abnormalities were commonly associated. Conclusion: The study helps to know the pattern of congenital anomalies and the relationship of various gestational and familial factors and the importance of ultrasound in diagnosing anomalies. Surveillance of anomalies should be a must and all maternity hospitals should have their own anomaly register. Parents of any surviving anomalous child should receive emotional support and reassurance.

Background: To identify the proportion of different causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in women undergoing hysterectomy according to the PALM COEIN classification proposed by FIGO. Methods: Collection of data was done from the medical records of women who underwent hysterectomy for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in the study period from January 2015 to June 2016. Women who underwent planned abdominal hysterectomy and laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were included in the study. The clinical, sonological and histopathologic findings were analyzed so as to identify the proportion of different causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in women undergoing hysterectomy. Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding were categorized by calculating the percentage according to the PALM-COEIN classification. Results: A total of 214 women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding underwent hysterectomy out of which 148 had planned abdominal hysterectomy and 66 had planned laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy, in the study period. AUB-L was the commonest histopathology (38.3%cases) followed by AUB-O (22%cases) and about 21.5% had adenomyosis. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the commonest presenting symptom (24.3% cases) while 40% and 36% had irregular and frequent menstrual bleeding respectively. Conclusion: FIGO has proposed this new standardized terminology to provide uniform conduct of research as data could be compared both nationally and internationally without any confusion and classify the causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding according to PALMCOEIN and identify the relative proportions of each cause. This will help in further research for comparative and epidemiological studies in various populations. More research is needed to identify the riskfactors for leiomyoma in our region as it more prevalent here.