The article presents the stages of formation and the results of the study of the genefund of persimmon, ziziphus, olives and figs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens. Based on the results of many years research, the best cultivars have been selected that are donors of economically valuable characteristics. Among the cultivars of foreign selection, the following cultivars are selected according to the best complex of economically valuable characteristics: persimmons (Fuyu, Kiara, Hiakume, Hachia, Rojo Brillante, Sharon, Batumsky II, etc.), ziziphus (Zhu-Tau-Zao, Chinese 2A, Chinese 93, Ta-Yan-Zao, Ya-Zao), olives (Ascolano, Tiflis, Coreggiolo, Della Madonna, Otur, etc.), figs (Randino, Grosse Violette de Bordeaux, Castle Kennedy etc.). As a result of directed interspecific and intraspecific hybridization of the best foreign cultivars, a significant hybrid fund was formed and new cultivars were bred, which surpass foreign cultivars in a number of characteristics. Among them are persimmon cultivars: Stella, Zolotistaya, Zvezdochka, Mechta, Nikitskaya Bordovaya, Yuzhnaya Krasavitsa, Ukrainka, Suvenir Oseni, Rossiyanka, etc., cultivars of ziziphus Koktebel, Meteor, Tavrika, Yalita, Sinit, Radoslav, Konfetny, etc., cultivars of olives: Manita, Skorospelaya, Violetta, Nikitskaya, Krymskaya Prevoskhodnaya, etc., fig cultivars: Yantarny, Sukhofruktovy Nikitsky, Podarok Oktyabru, Sabrucia Rozovaya, etc.

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настоящей работы -изучение влияния сортовых особенностей хурмы восточной (Diospyros kaki L.), выращиваемой в почвенно-климатических условиях южного берега Крыма, на биохимический состав свежих плодов и определение изменений, происходящихпри хранении в продуктах их переработки. Один из важных этапов в процессе изучения сортов плодовых культур -определение количества биологически активных веществ, содержащихся в их плодах.Выявлено, что свежие плоды сорта Золотистая отличаются наиболее высоким содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты -15,05 мг/100 г. Наибольшая концентрация фенольных соединений в сухофруктах и цукатах, 780 и 696 мг/100 г, соответственно, была отмечена в приготовленных из плодов сорта Золотистая. В сухофруктах и цукатах, полученных в результате технологической переработки плодов сорта Сидлес, зафиксировано самое высокое содержание аскорбиновой кислоты: 12,05 и 7,17 мг/100 г соответственно. Проведенная работа позволяет выделить сорта хурмы с высокими показателями содержания биологически активных веществ, перспективные для плодоводства Крыма.Ключевые слова: хурма, сорт, биологически активные вещества, сортоизучение, плоды, переработка плодов, сухофрукты, цукаты Summary. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the variety peculiarities of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) grown in soil-climatic conditions of Southern coast of Crimea, on the biochemical composition of fresh fruits and to determine the changes occurring during storage in the products of their processing. One of the important stages in the process of studying fruit crop varieties is to determine the amount of biologically active substances contained in their fruits. It has been revealed that fresh fruits of the Zolotistaya variety have the highest content of ascorbic acid -15,05 mg/100 g. The highest concentration of phenolic compounds in dried and candied fruits, 780 and 696 mg/100 g, respectively, was marked in the prepared from the fruits of Zolotistaya. In dried fruits and candied fruits, received as a result of technological processing of Sееdless fruits, the highest content of ascorbic acid is fixed 12,05 and 7,17 mg/100 g, respectively. The work carried out allows usto identify varieties of persimmon with high levels of biologically active substances, promising for fruit growing in Crimea.

This article presents the studying results of the pollen of three zizyphus cultivars (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Konfetny, Koktebel and Yalita, growing in the gene collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens. The studies were carried out during 2019-2020. The control was zizyphus cultivar Konfetny, included in the register of protected breeding achievements of the Russian Federation. The morphological characteristics of pollen were studied. The size of pollen grains, depending on the cultivar, varied within 7-24 μm. It was revealed that the form of pollen grains in the equatorial projection is rounded for zizyphus cultivars Koktebel and Konfetny and oblong-rounded for the cultivar Yalita. The shape of the grains is spheroidal (Konfetny, Koktebel) and ellipsoidal (Yalita). By the nature of the apertures, the pollen grains of zizyphus are meridional-3-furrow-aperture. Ripe pollen grains are single, very small. To obtain a more complete understanding of the properties of pollen, its ability to germinate on an artificial nutrient medium was determined in two versions: in an aqueous solution of sucrose with a concentration of 15 and 20% and in a solution of sucrose with a concentration of 15 and 20 % with the addition of a stimulator of pollen tube growth - boric acid. Pollen on artificial nutrient medium does not germinate in both variants. The amount of abnormal pollen is relatively high in all analyzed varieties: Konfetny and Yalita 54,2- 60,5%, Koktebel – 65,7%. It is inappropriate to use these genotypes as initial parental forms in the breeding process.