A significant number of microorganisms in natural and artificial environments exist in a structured formation – biofilm. This formation attaches to a certain surface, particularly the epithelium. The ability to form a similar structure has been observed in Pasteurella multocida, the causative agent of anthropozoonoses that affect domestic and wild animals, birds, companion animals and humans. The spectrum of pathogenetic action of P. multocida is wide and associated with the development of respiratory and multisystemic pathology, bacteraemia and other manifestations. Timely detection of P. multocida and treatment of the diseases it causes in farm and domestic animals is important to limit economic losses and improve social security. The main objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of P. multocida, its ability to form a biofilm, its resistance to antibiotics, and to identify the genes responsible for the formation of dermonecrotic toxin and biofilm formation. The paper presents the results of a study of 11 isolates of P. multocida: six isolates (54.5%) from rabbits, two isolates (18.2%) from dogs, two isolates (18.2%) from cats, and one isolate from pigs (9.2%). In all isolates, the gene ptfA was detected. This gene encodes the formation of type 4 fimbriae and participates in the formation of the biofilm, and the studied cultures in vitro formed a biofilm of different densities. The genome of eight isolates (72.7%) included the toxA gene (provides the formation of dermonecrotic toxin), while 45.4% of isolates had a complete set of the studied signs of pathogenicity, both in phenotypic (biofilm formation, mortality for laboratory animals) and genotypic (presence of toxA, ptfA) traits, and three isolates (27.3%) showed signs of multidrug resistance. The virulence of the toxA-negative isolates of P. multocida was lower than in toxA-positive isolates. The culture with the highest virulence (0.5x 101 CFU) and extreme resistance to antibiotics formed a biofilm of the highest density. The association of the gene in the biofilm-producing mechanism needs further evaluation, and further research is needed to identify the relationships between pathogens in Pasteurella multocida isolates from different species of animals and humans.

In the article, according to international statistics (FAOSTAT), the dynamics of the duck population and the production of duck meat in the world, in Ukraine and in certain countries in the period 2016-2020 are given. It is established that in 2020 the duck population in the world slightly decreased (by 0.75%). At the same time, the largest number of ducks is concentrated in China – 62.7 and 60.6% of the world's population, respectively, in 2016 and 2020. Ukraine took tenth place in this ranking in 2020. With a slight fluctuation in the number of ducks in the world, a tendency to its increase was noted in the production of meat – by 37.8% compared to 2016. However, in Asian countries, ducks are bred not only for meat, but also for eggs, which are used as food. Duck egg consumption is about 10-30% of total egg consumption in China and Southeast Asia. Among the population of South-East Asian countries, such a product as "balyut" is popular, which is prepared using a duck egg with an embryo about 18 days old. Based on the analysis of data from various literary sources, the issue of duck keeping systems in different countries of the world and Ukraine is highlighted. Since ducks belong to waterfowl, along with the intensive technology of keeping them (in closed rooms with a microclimate that is controlled and regulated), extensive technology is also used – using walks, including water ones. In Ukraine, 97.5% of the duck population is kept in public farms, and therefore the main system of their keeping is extensive. The importance of complete feeding of ducks is also indicated, recommendations are given regarding the nutritional value of rations depending on the age of the bird. In Ukraine, the largest farm engaged in the industrial production of duck meat is the Poultry Brood Plant “Korobivskyi” JLLC of the Zolotonosha district of the Cherkasy region. The production of duck meat using intensive technology involves the use of high-production crosses, the keeping of poultry in poultry houses with a regulated microclimate and complex mechanization and automation of technological processes, and the feeding of poultry with complete ration compound feed.

No abstract

This paper presents the results of a geoinformation analysis of the spread of rabies in Vinnytsia region during 2018. The material for the study was the official data from the report of the region laboratory of veterinary medicine of the State Food and Consumer Service of Ukraine. GIS analysis was performed using Quantum GIS software version 3.4.10. The highest incidence of rabies among foxes was observed in the autumn-winter period, especially in November and December. Among cats and dogs, elevated rates were observed from October to May (with a predominance in January-March). Among farm animals, the disease progressed in summer and to a greater extent in early autumn (SeptemberOctober). Outbreaks of rabies in other wild animals were not synchronously associated with fox disease and were reported in winter only in January, during spring (mainly in May) and in early summer. Calculated using standard deviations ellipses, the spatial trends of rabies distribution among different animal species show that the vast majority of rabies cases among foxes were localized in the centre of the region along the western border; among cats more compact, closer to the northern border; among dogs, cases of rabies were scattered throughout the territory and distributed along the northeastern border; among farm animals were localized only in the northern part of the region; among other wild animals were registered almost throughout the region. The identification of "hot spots" allowed to establish zones of maximum rabies density with a rate of 27.8 casesof rabies per km2 for all species of animals. For foxes, the zones of the highest density (17.9 cases per km2) were mainly localized in the areas near Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Cherkasy regions. For cats (9.12 cases per km2) they covered the territories of the central and north-eastern districts. For dogs (9.12 cases per km2) only in the north-eastern regions. For farm animals (9 cases per km2) the location of the hotspots coincided with the areas for cats. Among other wild animals, the highest density (3.71 cases per km2) was recorded in the southern part of the regions. The prospect of further research is based on modeling the dynamics of rabies in the Vinnytsia regions. Key words: GIS analysis, rabies of wild animals, rabies of domestic animals, epizootic situation, rabies in Ukraine.