In recent decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of rabies in cat population due to lack of proper vaccination among domestic and stray animals. In such conditions, the virus is approaching the humans due to the increase in the number of cases of attacks of these animals on humans. Therefore, our aim was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of rabies virus in Ukraine, to study the trends of rabies virus spread among domestic carnivores in recent decades, to establish the reasons for an increase in the proportion of cats in epizootic and epidemic processes in Ukraine. Having conducted a retrospective analysis from 1950 to 2017, we found that in 1950-1954 rabies in cats in the epizootic situation constituted a small percentage -1. 58%. In 197558%. In -1979 there was an increase in the number of cases of the disease up to 17%, which occurred as a result of the epizootic outbreaks of rabies among the foxes that were most in contact with cats, especially stray, having common spatial and trophic bonds. Subsequently, trend of the development of rabies acquired a slight fluctuation, but the general trends of species distribution did not change significantly. However, in recent decades, the epizootic situation regarding this zoonosis among cats has become under constantly tension. An analysis of changes in the species structure from the total number of cats, who died of rabies in 1950 compared to 2017 showed an increase in the proportion from 1.58% to 30.5%. It is the highest percentage of cat rabies in Europe. After conducting an epidemiological analysis, we found that over the past decades, cats became the source of hydrophobia for every third patient. Our further research will be aimed at creating a database on the incidence of rabies in all species of animals in order to improve the program of rabies control among domestic carnivores and conduct a GIS-analysis on the territory of Ukraine. 1 Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, м. Київ, Україна 2 Державний НДІ з лабораторної діагностики та ветеринарно-санітарної експертизи, м. Київ, Україна На початку ХХІ століття в Україні спостерігається стрімке зростання та активне поширення сказу у популяції котів, захворюваність яких становить понад 30% зареєстрованих випадків серед всіх видів тварин та складає найвищий показник серед домашніх м'ясоїдних. В таких умовах відбувається мимовільне наближення вірусу до людей та створюється загрозлива епідемічна ситуація зі сказу. Тому нашою метою було проведення дескриптивних та аналітичних досліджень сказу серед домашніх м'ясоїдних, аналізу тренду поширення та встановлення причин збільшення частки котів в епізоотичному та епідемічному процесах в Україні з 1950 по 2017 рр. Встановили, що в 1950-1954 рр. сказ котів в епізоотичній ситуації складав незначний відсотокблизько 1,58%. Починаючи з 1970 року, одночасно із включенням в епізоотичний процес червоної лисиці, показники захворюваності котів на сказ стрімко зросли до 17% та почали стабільно перевищувати відповідні...

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One of the most common viruses in the world that causes disease in cattle is the bovine coronavirus (BCoV). This virus is the causative agent of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in newborn calves, resulting in significant economic losses in both dairy and meat farming. Considering the complex epizootic situation with the coronaviruses in the world and partial antigenic affinity of BCoV with coronaviruses of other species of animals and humans, the isolation of new strains of coronaviruses, their identification and optimization of cultivation conditions becomes extremely important and relevant. The aim of our research was to determine the features of methods of isolation of bovine coronavirus and to select methods for its cultivation in cell culture in order to obtain the virus with the highest titers of infectious activity. Isolation of BCoV was performed in monolayers of MDBK and the primary-trypsinized calf kidney culture cells, using 20 samples collected from calves with clinical signs of respiratory or/and gastrointestinal disease. 16 samples were positive for BCoV by means of Real-Time PCR test. Up to fifth serial passage, only 4 of these isolates presented typical syncytial cytopathic effect. It has been experimentally established that the continious calf kidney cell culture line (MDBK) and the primary-trypsinized calf kidney culture (CK) are suitable for BCoV isolation and accumulation. The infectious titer of bovine coronavirus at the level of the fifth passage in the cultures of MDBK and CK cells reached 5.54 ± 0.16 lg TCD50/ml and 5.59 ± 0.14 lg TCD50/ml, respectively. However, due to the high cost of obtaining primary-trypsinized cell cultures, this isolation method may be unacceptable to most pharmaceutical companies and laboratories. Also after 5 serial passages, the viral material was again examined in Real-Time PCR to confirm the isolation of BCoV - the study of 4 samples with a characteristic syncytial CPE had a positive result in Real-Time PCR. However, of the Real-Time PCR-positive 12 samples, the virus could not be isolated in continuous cell cultures of MDBK and Vero, as well as in primary-trypsinized cattle lung and kidney cell cultures. This fact may indicate the presence of different strains of BCoV circulation in farms in our country. Further research is planned to be focused on optimizing the methods and modes of BCoV strains isolation, as well as to identify and study the cultural properties of new strains of BCoV circulating in Ukraine. We will also continue the study of the obtained viral isolate for the subsequent development of tools for the diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of coronavirus infection in veterinary medicine.

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the most common viruses in the world, causing the disease in domestic cows. This is the virus that causes diarrhea in adult animals and infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract in young cattle, leading to significant economic losses in both dairy and beef animal breeding. BCoV has one serotype with some antigenic variations between different strains and, like other RNA viruses, mutates in the field conditions, and now the isolated isolates have antigenic differences from the strains of viruses isolated previously. That is why vaccines containing more modern or widely cross-reactive strains of bovine coronavirus are needed to increase the effectiveness of animal protection. The aim of this study was to select the most promising strain of bovine coronavirus isolates isolated in Ukraine for the construction of an effective inactivated vaccine. For this purpose, a cross-neutralization reaction was performed and the antigenic relationship, difference and dominance between the studied field isolates and the reference strain of bovine coronavirus were studied. According to the study’s results, there are close antigenic linkages between the studied field isolates and the reference strain, as the antigenic relationship between the studied isolates and the reference was in the range of 83-100%, which confirms the fact that they belong to the same serological subtype. According to the research results, the field isolate of bovine coronavirus CV-315 dominates over the reference KL-2 and field isolates CV-114 and CV-172, so it is recommended for use as a new production (vaccine) strain for the development of an effective inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine.