The paper presents the results of research into the technology of soft spring wheat cultivation of the Siberian Alliance variety taking into account the formation of the production process. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.  The  work  was  done  in  a  long-term  stationary  experiment  of  grain-fallow  crop rotation: fallow (bare, green-manured – rapeseed, melilot) – wheat – peas – barley (pure barley and intercropped with melilot). The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard (control), deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam chernozem. It was revealed that the influence of the preceding crop on the production process of soft spring wheat accounted for 80.4%, the effect of the soil cultivation system was 13.8%. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained with minimum moldboard system of soil cultivation preceded by rapeseed green-manured fallow (3.34 t/ha) with the lowest cost of grain (4.6 thousand rubles/t) and high profit (30.3 thousand rubles/ha), control indicators being 3.26 t/ha, 9.2 thousand rubles/t and 15.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The following positive effects on the formation of the production process were identified: soil moisture availability, microbiological activity, a decrease in phytosanitary tension, lack of soil compaction at a high content of agronomically valuable particles. Sowing rapeseed on green-manured fallow in the current crop rotation with the application of minimum moldboard tillage system is the most effective method of cultivating soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.

The paper presents the results of research (2015– 2018) into the main factors affecting efficiency of agrocenosis of spring common wheat, cultivar Siberian Alliance, with various systems of soil tillage and renewable bio-resources in a grain-fallow rotation. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression in a threecourse grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow-wheatpeas-barley, barley intercropped with melilot) in a long-term stationary experiment. Various soil tillage systems were applied (deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard) preceded by bare fallow and green-manured fallow with rape and melilot. The soil of the experimental plot was leached chernozem. Crops of spring common wheat were sown with all types of soil tillage systems by the tillage and sowing machine Tom’5.1. It was revealed that the main factor influencing the yield of spring common wheat is water availability in the planting periods – full tillering, (r = 0.9579), beginning of earring – yellow ripeness, (r = 0.9611; R = 0.9500). A positive effect on wheat productivity was made by cellulosolytic activity and soil structure. The direct correlation between these factors and the crop yield was established, r = 0.6366 – 0.7298 and r = 0.6343 – 0.7103 respectively. A negative effect on the yield of wheat was made by the development of root decay (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem), (r = – 0.4808). It was established that alongside the above-mentioned fac tors, the significant effect on productivity of spring common wheat was made by the systems of soil tillage (72.4%,) and the predecessor (22.0 %). The optimum conditions in agrocenosis of spring common wheat for formation of its yield during the years of research proved to be created by green-manured fallow (with rape) with minimum moldboard and deep moldboard soil tillage (2.72 and 2.78 t/ha respectively), which is 0.55 and 0.51 t/ha higher compared to analogous soil tillage systems preceded by bare fallow – control. Minimum moldboard soil tillage has an economic advantage over others with profitability of 193.6% and production cost at 5,000 rubles per 1 ton of grain.

Среди сортов картофеля для производителя наиболее ценны высокопродуктивные, обладающие комплексом признаков (в том числе устойчивостью к болезням и вредителям) с относительной стабильностью урожая в варьирующих условиях выращивания. При создании высокопродуктивных адаптивных сортов картофеля для регионов с жесткими агроклиматическими условиями важен подбор исходного материала с высокой экологической пластичностью и стабильностью в конкретной зоне возделывания. В представленных исследованиях впервые дана оценка нового исходного материала картофеля, созданного в почвенно-климатических условиях Западной Сибири, имеющего высокую урожайность, комплексную относительную устойчивость к грибным болезням, Y-вирусу картофеля и золотистой картофельной нематоде. Выделенные новые генетические источники картофеля используются в практической селекции на продуктивность и высокую адаптивность. Цель работы-определить показатели адаптивности у исходного материала картофеля в условиях северной лесостепи Западной Сибири (Кузнецкая котловина, Кемеровская обл., Кемеровский р-н). Эксперименты проводили в 2014-2018 годах. Общая площадь делянки-70 м 2 , учетная-20 м 2 , повторность 4-кратная, варианты размещались рендомизированно. Посадку проводили в III декаде мая картофелесажалкой Cramer («CRAMER Technik», Германия) с нормой 35,0 тыс/кустов на 1 га, схема посадки 70½35 см. Исследовали 170 образцов в коллекционном питомнике, в том числе коллекционные гибриды картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.), созданные в Кемеровском НИИ сельского хозяйства (филиал СФНЦА РАН). Стандартом служили сорта Любава (ранний), Невский (среднеранний) и Тулеевский (среднеспелый). В результате исследования среди коллекционных образцов картофеля выделены генотипы экстенсивного тип с низкой экологической пластичностью (b i менее единицы-0,28-0,91): сорта Любава, Невский, Тулеевский и гибриды 6-4-11, 22103-10. Наибольшей реакцией на условия выращивания выделился гибрид 3-21с-11 (b i = 1,53), имеющий среднюю стабильность по урожайности (S i 2 = 14,6). Гибриды 22103-10 и 3-21с-11 являются донорами генов устойчивости к Y-вирусу картофеля (Ry сhc), золотистой картофельной нематоде Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) (H1) и бледной нематоде Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens (Gpa2). По комплексной оценке особую ценность для селекции представляют три гибрида интенсивного типа (17-5/6-11, 1-5-12 и 1615-10), проявляющие высокие адаптивные свойства-повышенную экологическую пластичность (b i соответственно 1,38; 1,20 и 1,17) и высокую стабильность (S i 2 ²соответственно 1,1; 9,4, 5,2). При этом гибрид 17-5/6-11 проявил себя как донор генов устойчивости к Y-вирусу картофеля (Potato virus Y, PVY) (Ry сhc) и к золотистой картофельной нематоде (Н1 по трем маркерам TG 689, 57 R, N 195). Генотип гибрида 1-5-12 содержит комбинацию генов Н1 (все три маркера) и Gro1-4 (контролируют устойчивость к G. rostochiensis), а также ген Gpa2 (устойчивость к G. pallida) и гены устойчивости к Y-вирусу Ry сhc и Ry sto. Проведенная многолетняя оценка устойчивости коллекционных образцов картофеля к грибным бол...

The assessment results of 106 samples of spring barley from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources are presented. The effect of morphometric parameters of their productivity elements on the yield formation and the degree of their correlation is shown. The studies were conducted in 2016–2018 in a collection nursery in the forest-steppe zone of Kemerovo region. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the growing season were characterized by an acute moisture defi cit in May and June in 2016 and 2017 (hydrothermal coeffi cient HTC from 0.37 to 0.50) and then by excessive moisture level in 2018 (in June HTC = 2.41, in July HTC = 1.92). A signifi cant excess of yield compared to the standard Biome variety was found in two samples of spring barley from the Czech Republic: Jubilant and Svit (80.33 g) and a sample from Kazakhstan Ilek 1 (103.3 g). Eight spring barley samples showed excess of yield from a unit area compared to the standard variety from 26.6% to 63.0%. As for the complex of valuable features, the following varieties were revealed: Svit (Czech Republic), Azov (Rostov Region), Ilek 1, Ilek 16 (Kazakhstan), Shukran (Krasnodar). The closest relationship was established between the yield of spring barley and the morphometric indicators of the elements of its productivity: the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.8728), the biomass of the root system (r = 0.3598), the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.3273), spike productivity (r = 0.3820). Varieties with the highest degree of economically valuable traits, selected from hybrid populations of VIR, are advisable to use for the breeding process in the soil and climatic conditions of Kemerovo region.

The paper presents the results of research into the effect of different soil tillage systems on soil density and structure. The research was conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on the crops of Nikita spring barley. The soil of the experimental plot is classifi ed as leached, mediumtextured, medium-humus, heavy-loam chernozem. The following soil tillage systems with peas as a forecrop were studied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined and zero. The years of research (2015-2018) differed in heat availability and amount of precipitation. This allowed to study and carry out comparative assessment of the effect of various soil tillage systems of leached chernozem on agrophysical properties of soil. Yearly weather conditions had no signifi cant effect on soil density with all the studied soil tillage systems in single and binary crops of spring barley, whereby the indicators varied from 1.87 to 6.72%. Compared to deep moldboard tillage (control), there was an increase in soil density with zero tillage in singlecrop sowings of spring barley by 6.2%, and in binary crops – by 9.4%. However, the indices were not beyond optimum values of 1.02-1.05 g/ cm3. The optimum equilibrium soil density for the main subtypes of chernozems is 1.0-1.25 g/cm3. Minimum combined soil tillage system resulted in the stable content of valuable structural soil units 0.25-10 mm both in single-crop and binary sowings of spring barley at 68.3% and 68.9%, and the coeffi cient of soil structural properties – 2.15 and 2.21 respectively. It was established that the effect of soil tillage system on the creation of valuable structural units in soil was 21.4%, yearly weather conditions – 11.8%, type of crops – 25.5%.