The article presents a case of successful surgical treatment of the newborn with a rare congenital pathology – thoracoschisis. The newborn had been transferred urgently 6 hours after birth from the perinatal center. The initial examination revealed a chest defect measuring 6×3×3 cm in size and located along the midclavicular line from the 4th to 6th ribs through which the additional lobe of the liver prolapsed (Riedel’s lobe). After examination and preoperative preparation, 17 hours after birth, a surgical treatment was carried out – moving the liver to the abdominal cavity, closing defects of the diaphragm and thorax. In the postoperative period, serous pericarditis developed, requiring puncture and pericardial drainage. On the 21st day of life the child was transferred to the somatic hospital in a satisfactory condition. Observations conducted over the two years after the operation indicated the child's satisfactory condition, and revealed no complaints. The extreme rarity of this pathology causes certain difficulties in determining the appropriate treatment strategies, and concomitant congenital malformations contribute to high mortality.

The result of the surgical treatment of a newborn infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia complicated by pulmonary hypertension and ischemic lesion of the small intestine is presented. Using the technology of intestinal exteriorization after conversion of thoracoscopic access to laparotomy, plastic surgery of the left dome of the diaphragm, and moving the changed loops of the small intestine into a silo sewn to the edges of the laparotomy wound allowed avoiding serious complications in the postoperative period. 7 days after the first operation, bowel loops were immersed in the abdominal cavity, and suturing of the laparotomy wound was performed. During the follow-up examination for 2 years after the operation, the diaphragm is usually located, there are no signs of impaired bowel function.

A comprehensive study of the state of the spincter muscle complex in children after surgical correction of anorectal malformations was carried out,including MRI of the structure of the spincter muscle complex,fecal continence on the Rintala scale, manometric studies of the anal function.The poor development of the spincter muscle complexwas characterized by a decrease (p < 0,05) of the average values of the relative width of the puborectal muscle (PRWR) to 0,14 ± 0,03, for the relative width of the external anal sphincter (EASWR) to 0,12 ± 0,02, which turned out to be 2,4 times lower than patients with excellent and good results. Values of PRWR <0,18 and EASWR <0,15 in 63 % of cases corresponded to an unsatisfactory result on the Rintala scale and was accompanied by fecal incontinence. A good function of anal function was observed in 58 % of patients with PRWR >0,18 and EASWR >0,15.

The terminology of chronic abdominal pain, as well as further treatment tactics, are still the subject of debate. Conservative treatment in some patients with chronic abdominal pain is ineffective. Laparoscopic appendectomy is a scientifically based surgical intervention for patients with chronic abdominal syndrome with localization in the right iliac region in children who do not show peritoneal signs and changes in laboratory parameters, with the exception of intercurrent pathology by non-invasive methods.