No abstract

Rapid growth of automotive industry has led to emergence of cars of new brands and designs. On this background, the existing health regulations on occupational health of drivers have become outdated and cannot provide requirement of practice of departments of supervision on transport of Public health service. Last years, a motor pool of the first help it was essentially updated. Therefore, earlier extended cars “UAZ” and “vans” differing in high levels of vibration have replaced cars with the Gazelle chassis. However, still risks of development of somatic diseases of personnel of the mobile teams caused by specifics of work remain. The overview systematizes the hygienic requirements to cars, analyzes features of tool and laboratory control and tactics of sanitary inspection of working conditions of employees of the stations of emergency medical service.

Introduction. Phthalates are substances widely used as plasticizers for the production of various industrial, domestic, food and medical polymer materials. Possessing high volatility, solubility, a wide range of toxic effects, phthalates represent a serious danger to human health. Goal. Identify the characteristics of donosological forms of impaired health. Material and methods. A special clinical and functional examination of the aparatics for the first time started their work in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), purified terephthalic acid (oTPA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the dynamics of 5 years of operation of the enterprise POLYEF. Hygienic, hematological, cytochemical and biochemical studies were performed for workers with a primary 5-year experience in this industry. Results. It is established that the chemical factor is represented by a complex of harmful substances of 1 to 4 hazard classes, among which there are substances of irritating, general toxic, allergenic action. The production of phthalates is characterized by an increased content of TPA from 1.5 to 2.8 MPC. Discussion. The working conditions of the apparatchiks in all industries are estimated as harmful to the third degree - 3.3. Among those who have worked for 5 years, about a third of workers are recognized with clinical and functional disorders. For 5 years of work, two of the first three come into contact with phthalates revealed changes in the blood system that go beyond physiological fluctuations. Most workers have anemia, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, decreased activity of enzymes. Conclusions. The introduction of a differentiated approach, taking into account the results of the clinical, hygienic and laboratory-diagnostic studies carried out, will allow monitoring of the health status of workers in the production of TFA and PET, identify early donosological signs of health disorders, and adequately form high-risk groups for conducting therapeutic and preventive measures.

Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, УфаВ статье рассматриваются и подтверждаются надежность и валидность анализа субъективной точки зрения о состоянии собственного здоровья самих работников, занятых на подземных работах, с помощью известного «опросника SF-36». Метод разработан для оценки качества жизни человека. Российская версия опросника обладает надежными психометрическими свойствами и рядом известных авторов признается приемлемой для проведения популяционных исследований по анализу качества жизни в России, в том числе и в когортах работающего населения. В исследовании обнаружено поступательное снижение показателей качества собственной жизни респондентов, достигающее минимума к 35 годам непрерывного стажа. Обратный процесс (что не очень логично) наблюдается в группе рабочих возраста 55,9 ± 2,5 года со стажем свыше 36 лет. В оценке основных показателей качества жизни после этого возраста физические и психологические интегральные индексы здоровья респондентов оптимизируются и превалируют в группах со стажем до 20 лет и более. В целом, динамика искомых оценок качества собственной жизни в возрастных группах опрошенных лиц определена комплексом реальных процессов социального и экономического статуса индивидуума на разных этапах его трудоспособной жизни.

Relevance. Occupational health (factory medicine) as applied medical science provides sanitary inspection practice with theoretical generalizations for rational holding and increase in efficiency of control (supervising) actions. Currently, oil processing and petrochemical plants showed scientific and technical progress with the implementation of new technologies and automation of production, toughening of requirements of industrial safety, and labor protection. But this industry still represents technically difficult huge complexes of the fire and explosion hazardous equipment with harmful intensive chemical and noise effects on the environment and in the first turn, on the workers. Among objects of sanitary inspection in any region of the enterprise, oil processing and petrochemistry represent various conglomerates of the main, the auxiliary and providing production of the demanding special receptions in the analysis and preventions of their harm and danger not only to workers, but also to the population. Aim of the study. To analyze existing hygienic characteristics and requirements to factors of the production environment and work, for the modem enterprises of oil processing and petrochemistry in control (supervising) actions for the increase in efficiency of the leading function of service for managing and supervision in ensuring sanitary and epidemiologic wellbeing of the population of the Russian Federation, consumer protection and rendering the methodical help to practical employees of service. Conclusions. The most relevant documents are selected and literature sources are listed to optimize the leading function of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Field of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being for control and supervision in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation and consumer rights protection.