Today the problem of pathogenesis and rational treatment of purulent-inflammatory odontogenic diseases of the maxillofacial area is quite relevant in the field of medical and SOCIAL problems. In recent years, the number of patients with odontogenic inflammatory does not catch an illness, while the number of complications increases. In case of the development of purulent inflammation the complex of interrelated morphological, biochemical, immunological and other changes is observded. The basis in the complex treatment of phlegmon of the maxillofacial area and neck of any localization is active surgical treatment. General therapy for odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area primarily provides control of infection and intoxication, aimed at normalization of the impaired functions of organs and systems. The purpose of this research was to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial localization by the use of cryopreserved placental cells. In most cases, the cause of inflammatory processes of maxillofacial localization was untreated periodontal teeth, retained teeth and negligent behavior of patients. That is why the majority of authors believe that the "cause" tooth should be urgently removed, but the solution depends on the individual features of the patient and in some cases may be postponed until the relief of the inflammatory process [3,4]. The combination of local and general factors is necessary to avoid further development of abscesses and phlegmons of the maxillofacial area and neck. The local factors are aerobic and anaerobic infection (staphylococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, diplococcus, intestinal, gram-positive and gram-negative rods, but less often - mycoplasmas, the simplest of the family Trichomonas, spirochetes, and fungi of the genus Candida). The concentration of causal microflora, general and local nonspecific and specific protective factors of the body, the state of various organs and systems of the body, as well as anatomical and topographic features of the tissues of the maxillofacial area play a significant role in the development and course of purulent-inflammatory processes of the head and neck. All of the above determines the nature of the inflammatory reaction: normergic, hyperergic, hypoergic, anergic. Currently, placental cryoextract preparations are widely used in various fields of medicine, in particular, in urology, gynecology and general surgery. So, maxillofacial surgeons can be interested in their use in the treatment of patients with inflammatory purulent diseases of the maxillofacial localization. That is why carrying out a detailed analysis of native and foreign literature, we have concluded that it is necessary to continue study and scientifically substantiate the issue of optimizing conservative treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmons with the use of biologically active substances. In further studies it is planned to investigate the impact on the mechanism of purulent wound healing by cryopreserved placenta and to create a morphological and biochemical evidence base for the effectiveness of the proposed treatment.