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In modern dental practice, there is a tendency towards correction of secondary adentia by using bone augmentation and dental implant placement. One of the main types of postoperative complications is the bone augmentation exposure and its infection as a result of ischemic processes in the mucous flap, which covers the augmentation, resulting from its overstretching. This study was aimed at improving the efficiency of flap operations and bone augmentation in patients with secondary adentia and reducing the risk of postoperative complications caused by ischemic changes in mucous flaps due to their overstretching, identifying features of the morphological structure of mucous flaps at rest and stretching. We conducted an investigation of mucosa flap microslides of 40 laboratory rabbits taken from the lower alveolar bone. The preparations were stained according to Van Gieson's technique with haematoxylin and eosin at low magnifications of the light microscope. The structural features of the mucous membrane of the upper and lower alveolar processes after stretching within 5% revealed minimal, slightly differed from the intact mucosa of the corresponding anatomical region. Thus, in the epithelium, the basal, intermediate, and superficial layers were located one above the other; their structural organization was mainly the same as in the intact animals. Our studies have shown that the morphological structure of the mucous membrane of the gums of laboratory rabbits is similar to the structure of human gums. The data obtained suggests that stretching of the gingival mucosa flaps when performing flap operations in the oral cavity within 5% of the initial length is morphologically substantiated and can cause no complications.

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