In this paper, we propose an improved quad Itoh-Tsujii algorithm to compute multiplicative inverse efficiently on Fieldprogrammable gate-arrays (FPGA) platforms for binary fields generated by irreducible trinomials. Efficiency is obtained by eliminating the precomputation steps required in conventional quad-ITA (QITA) scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture improves the performance on FPGAs compared to existing techniques.

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The Itoh-Tsujii inversion algorithm forms a major contribution in finding the inverse in cryptographic applications such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography. In this paper, a new Hex Itoh-Tsujii inversion algorithm is proposed to compute the multiplicative inverse efficiently on Field-Programmable Gate-arrays (FPGA) platforms for binary fields generated by NIST recommended irreducible trinomials. The Hex Itoh Tsujii inversion Algorithm based proposed architecture is constructed with hex circuits and quad addition chain. This combination improves the resource utilization. The experimental results shows that the proposed work has better Area-Time Performance compared with the existing implementation.

Data packet drop can happen in Optical Burst-Switched (OBS) when two data bursts are competing on the same wavelength. Recently, many techniques have been developed to solve this problem but they do not consider the congestion. Also, it is necessary to balance the load system in the OBS network. The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique can be applied to determine the straight and the safest route. However, the ACO technique raises both power utilization as well as the execution time. In this study, Cuckoo Search (CS) and ACO methods based approach is proposed to avoid the congestion and load balancing in the OBS network. This strategy evaluates the intensity of hotspot data and then launches the congestion rate optimization process that depends on their load situations. The congestion rate optimization represents the available bandwidth, data distribution rate, queue size, and access rate, and also these factors are optimized through the CS technique. The fitness utility in the CS technique adjusts the distribution rate in the OBS network, and the proposed ACO technique solves the energy utilization problem. The simulation results proved that the presented strategy evades both the end-to-end delay as well as the possibility of packet drop.