Abstract. The agri-food sector has been and remains the basis of Ukraine’s economy. Today, in the face of industrial decline and the all-encompassing process of deindustrialization of the economy, agri-food enterprises remain stable market players. Despite obstacles to development, agro-holdings have long dominated the agri-food market, accumulating significant land and financial resources. The largest companies are Kernel, UkrLandFarming, MHP, Agroposperis and Astarta-Kyiv, whose land banks exceed 200,000 hectares. These companies employ almost 75,000 workers. Agricultural holdings invest in their own development. One of the priority areas is innovative development. It is innovation that provides stability and a future for companies. The largest innovation fund is owned by Kernel, which spent $ 2.7 million, MHP — 2.5, AP Group — 2, Astarta-Kyiv, Harveast and IC — 1, Epicentr Agro — $ 0.42 million. Among these companies, Harveast and IC made the highest investments in innovative development per 1 hectare of agricultural land — 8.1 dollars, MHP — 6.9 $, Kernel and AP Group — 5 $, Astarta-Kyiv — 4 $ and Epicentr Agro — 3.8 $ per 1 hectare of agricultural land. However, despite these achievements, a mark of $ 50 / ha is considered acceptable. Due to the implementation of innovative measures Astarta-Kyiv saved about 15 million dollars in 4 years, Agroprosperis several times increased the efficiency of decisions made by agronomists, UkrLandFarming increased yields by a quarter. In general, according to experts, 80% of all spending on innovation is spent on computerization and automation of accounting processes, electronic document management, and protection of information from theft. Our study allowed us to analyze the work of company management in terms of areas of innovative development and to derive an indicator of integrated innovative development by segments and individual companies. This approach can be extrapolated to small and medium-sized agri-food enterprises. Keywords: innovation, economic development, agri-food enterprises, business process management, sustainable development. JEL Classification D24, O12, O13, O31 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 25.

Aim. To identify the main types of risks, remarkable for agricultural dairy production, to evaluate the consequences of their increase and to substantiate a comprehensive system of managing them on the level of enterprise which would promote their minimization and neutralization. Methods. Common methods and techniques were applied in the study: a combination of scientifi c techniques of abstract-logical method of elaborating theoretical provisions, deduction method while isolating specifi c risks in dairy farming from the total amount, empirical methods of investigating the activity of dairy enterprises and computer generated simulation while substantiating practical instruments of risk management in agricultural dairy production. The correlation-regression analysis was used for statistical processing of the data and study results. Results. During the investigation the following kinds of risks in dairy production were isolated: natural, ecological, technological, market-related risks. The natural risk is related to the environmental impact, fi rst and foremost, to the change in temperature regime of the environment of keeping cows, ecological component of manure utilization. The technological risk is characterized by violating the conditions of keeping cows at farms, which is manifested via loss and disposal of cows from the core herd. It has been found that currently the distribution of diseases, i.e. epizootic situation in the country, presents increased risk for farms. One of the ways to neutralize and minimize the manifestation of technological risks is improving biosafety of stock breeding complexes and developing the insurance of livestock. In addition to risks of diseases (infectious, invasion, non-contagious) and other standard risks (fi re, natural disasters, etc.), it is reasonable to insure against the following kinds of risks: interrupted production (caused by death or loss of insured animals), after which current expenses for renewal of production or forfeited profi t would be reimbursed automatically or after submission of confi rmation documents; transportation of animals, including sea, air, and railway travel; expenses to remove the remains of animals after the insured event which caused their death; reimbursing the expenses for elimination of consequences, caused by infectious diseases, which made it impossible to renew the production without prior applica- tion of disinfectants. While evaluating market-related risks, special attention should be given to the relations of producers and processors of milk. Market risks are closely related to technological risks, as milk quality has a decisive impact on the formation of procurement prices. Conclusions. The systematization of risks in dairy farming should be performed in accordance to the total system of their manifestation and to specialized identifi cation which characterizes specifi cities of this sphere. The probability of most risks, occurring in dairy production, is considerably dependent on the effi ciency of managers of agricultural enterprises and partially on legislative and executive branches of power (in the part of legisla- tive provisions). Currently the mitigation of environmental risks is possible only on condition of searching for internal reserves of ensuring the stability of dairy farming, which envisages creating conditions for production of high quality milk, minimization of expenses for its production and sale, compliance with agreements with contractors.

Предметом дослідження є особливості формування і функціонування ринку молока, основні тенденції його розвитку та взаємовідносини між його суб’єктами. Мета – на основі аналітичної оцінки складових ринку молока в Україні (попит, пропозиція, державна підтримка) розробити практичні рекомендації щодо їх активізації в умовах глобалізаційних процесів в Україні. Методи. Для досягнення поставленої мети було використано сукупність загальнонаукових і спеціальних методів. Результати дослідження. Стаття присвячена оцінці ринку молока в Україні. Основний акцент зроблений на оцінці складових ринку молока: попиту, пропозиції, державного регулювання. Аналіз виробництва молока свідчить про досить високу стійкість особистих селянських господарств (ОСГ) до трансформаційних перетворень економіки країни, причому в процесі соціально-економічних перетворень економіки суттєво змінюються їхнє місце і роль. У період посилення кризових явищ вони займають провідну позицію у виробництві продукції молочного скотарства. Основна причина – стрімке зниження обсягів виробництва в корпоративному секторі аграрної економіки, порівнюючи з господарствами населення. Аргументовано, що підприємства, які утримують менше 50 корів, слід розглядати як дрібні, в них досягнення прибутковості виробництва молока позбавлене перспектив; малі підприємства, що утримують від 50 до 200 корів, лише в короткостроковій перспективі забезпечуватимуть беззбиткове ведення галузі; основою для конкурентоспроможного виробництва молока можуть бути середні підприємства, які утримують від 200 до 500 корів і, що ймовірніше, великі (500 корів і більше), оскільки саме ці групи сільгосппідприємств конкурентоспроможні на ринку молока. Незважаючи на високу питому вагу у структурі виробництва молока господарств населення, проте в структурі надходжень діаметрально протилежна картина. Основна першопричина – відсутність розвинутої інфраструктури ринку молока та молокопродуктів. У сільській місцевості спостерігається суттєве скорочення споживання молока та молокопродуктів, які надходять від особистого підсобного господарства (ОПГ) сільських домогосподарств, що є дзеркальним відображенням стану молочного скотарства в господарствах населення. Необхідно відзначити, що Україна в 2020 р. вперше за часів історії незалежності має від’ємне сальдо зовнішньої торгівлі, що відображає сучасний стан молочного скотарства та переробної галузі України. У кризовій ситуації стабілізація й розвиток виробництва молока можливі лише за умови активізації інноваційної діяльності, ефективного використання досягнень науково-технічного прогресу, передового вітчизняного і зарубіжного досвіду, державної підтримки товаровиробників різних форм господарювання, підвищення рівня інвестиційної привабливості досліджуваної галузі. Сфера застосування результатів дослідження. Результати проведених досліджень використовуватимуться в процесі розробки концептуальних засад розвитку молочного скотарства.

The article deals with economic aspects of integration ties in dairy cattle breeding development of Ukraine. Mutually benefcial integration of agricultural organizations with other market players signifcantly improves their economic stability. In addition to system-wide factors that determine agro-industrial integration, dairy subcomplex has a number of specifc features that determine occurrence and development of integration processes in the feld of production, processing and sales of milk. It is proved that a cooperative form of ownership may compete with joint stock in a global scale in dairy subcomplex mainly due to the fact that vertical cooperation has prevailed historically in countries specializing in milk production, which allows farmers to manage income from the dairy products sale. High dairy business concentration provides cooperatives with the opportunity to use the latest processing technologies, to pursue flexible commodity policies, to get access to interregional and international markets, to combine dairy business with logistics and other important services, to reduce the negative influence of seasonal fluctuations in milk production. The characteristic feature of the relationship between domestic milk producers and processing enterprises is its non-cooperative integration, which is based on contractual arrangements. To summarize the contracting type of dairy factories integration with agricultural producers, it should be noted that in this rather simple form of economic relations involves opportunities for further development. It is established that the low activity of establishing and dairy cooperatives running is inefcient due to low activity rural residents who farm cows. In our opinion, there are no prerequisites for agricultural cooperatives establishment in most regions since most of the population have only one cow and is focused on its self-provision. We believe that dairy-grocery cluster based on the principles of mutually benefcial long-term partnership between the subjects is the driving force in ensuring economic growth in the examined industry. It creates conditions for employment growth in the region, proposals for high-quality dairy raw materials and safe milk products. In general, this will contribute to the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding enterprises in the region and other participants of the cluster association. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, cooperation, integration, cluster, agricultural enterprise, personal peasant farm.

The article considers the conditions for the sustainability of economic socialization of the entrepreneurship of rural areas of Ukraine. The main methods used in the study were clustering method, structural analysis, methods of economic evaluation of economic activity, financial condition of entrepreneurs taking into account in-dustry specifics and classification of business entities as large, medium and small enterprises. It is proved that the social mission of entrepreneurship of rural areas in the economic plane of estimates should be considered according to the concept of determining benefits and costs. The method of estimating the social price of pro-duction, which is a motivating factor for increasing wages in rural areas, is deter-mined. The trend of development of social and economic efficiency of enterprises in the formation of entrepreneurship of rural areas on average for one region of Ukraine and in the country as a whole is analyzed. It is proven that the realization of the entrepreneurship of rural areas within one region of Steppe, Forest-Steppe, Polissya and Western zones of Ukraine has a significant impact on people's well-being, quality and security of life, the amount of obligations to the subjects of in-terest and system of relations between entrepreneurs in agriculture.