No abstract

The article highlights the results of studying the effect of a new probiotic nanometal globulin drug (PNMGD) on biomarkers of innate immunity of newborn calves. The experiment was performed on two groups of calves. Animals of the experimental group from the 2nd day of life were fed the drug for 5 days at a dose of 0.25 g/kg of body weight with milk, calves of the control group received milk without its addition. Before the experiment, and on the 10th, 20th, 35th day of the experiment, blood was taken from calves for clinical and biochemical studies. The obtained results show that the use of PNMGD causes an increase in the natural resistance of calves. This is indicated by an increase in the expression of such markers of innate immunity as globulins, circulating immune complexes and nitrogen metabolites by an average of 17–25%, as well as inhibition of seromucoid synthesis by 16.9%. Signs of anti-stress effect of the drug on the calves in the early postnatal period have been found. The positive effect of PNMGD on the state of innate immunity of calves can be regarded as one of the factors increasing the average daily weight gain by 32.2% in the first 36 days of life

The purpose of these studies was to determine status of metabolic processes in clinically healthy horses of sport breeds in spring period. Blood samples for biochemical studies were collected from 12 clinically healthy 7–9 month-old stallions of Ukrainian horse breed at Dnipropetrovsk region equestrian club. Protein (albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine) and mineral (common calcium and inorganic phosphorus) metabolic statuses, level of glucose, vitamins A and E and acid, as well as activity of hepatospecific enzymes (ALT, AST and AP) were determined using common techniques. It has been found that common protein level was within the limits of physiologic norm, although the level of albumins was decreased at the average rate of 12.0%, and the level of β- and γ-globulins was increased at the average rates of 5.2 and 11.3% respectively. AST activity was decreased at the rate of 38.0% regarding to physiological norm. Thereby, urea and creatinine concentrations were within the referent levels. Hyperglycaemia was observed in 50.0% of tested animals with maximal excess at the rate of 44.0%. Also, decreasing of common calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels was determined at the rate of 16.0 and 58.6%, vitamins А and Е — at the rate of 64.0 and 48,6% respectively, in comparison to lower level of physiological norm. The average index of acid capacity reached maximal referent levels. At the same time, it was increased in 33.3% of animals. Therefore, detected changes in biochemical indices in horse blood evidence that various metabolic disorders progress in clinically healthy stallions at spring and may furtherly lead to the appearance of metabolic syndrome

In recent years a diversity of researchings both native and foreign scientists has been devoted to the investigation of animal tuberculosis. However, there are a number of questions required more detailed studying and scientific justification. Among involved questions specific place is occupied by the problem of animal immunity in cases of infection by pathogenic and atypical mycobacteria. The aim of our work was to study the influence of pathogenic and atypical mycobacteria on the immune status of laboratory animals. The influence of pathogenic and atypical mycobacteria on the immune status of guinea pigs was studied by infecting them with a suspension from the bacterial mass of each individual mycobacterial culture (M. bovis, M. avium and M. fortuitum). The suspension was prepared at the rate of 1.0 mg / ml of sterile NaCl and injected subcutaneously into animals at a dose of 1.0 ml. Blood samples were taken on the 7 th , 14 th , 30 th and 60 th days after the injection of mycobacterial cultures to determine the most informative indicators of the immunological status of animals. Amount of neutrophils and phagocytic activity were determined in the blood of experimental animals. The total protein level was determined spectrophotometrically in the serum of guinea pigs, the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) of average molecular weight-by the method of Grinevich & Alferov, seromukoida-by Weimer & Moshin. The data obtained that M. bovis caused the biggest growth in some cellular and humoral immunity indicate (the percentage of neutrophils by 28.6% and their phagocytic activity by 15.8%, the level of total protein is 76.13 g/l, circulating immune complexes 0.190 mg/ml and seromukoids per day 7 (0.099 mg/ml) on the 30 th day after infection in comparison with animals of the control group. Animals infected with the culture of atypical mycobacteria M. fortuitum showed less noticeable changes in immunity, compared to animals infected with the pathogen of tuberculosis.