The surface roughness of wood products has a direct impact on many technological and operational properties of parts as a whole and is an important production factor, which is associated with the consumption of materials and the technical and economic efficiency of many technological operations such as gluing, grinding, varnishing, etc.We must not forget about the aesthetic properties of wood - reflective and absorbing ability, which is directly affected by surface roughness. The urgency of the problem of obtaining the required quality of the treated wood surface is now becoming increasingly important in connection with the increasing requirements for the quality of woodworking products and obtaining the greatest economic effect for the enterprise. A polished surface is formed as a result of the simultaneous action of many factors. The main ones are geometric factors, plastic and elastic deformations that accompany the grinding process.From a geometric point of view, the roughness is created due to the copying of the path of the cutting tool of a certain geometric shape on the wood surface. Plastic and elastic deformations occurring during the cutting process strongly distort the microrelief resulting from the action of geometric factors.

In the mechanical technology of wood, a large amount of work falls on grinding operations, which are final in the manufacture of parts before finishing or gluing. The flow of these technological operations, the appearance and quality of products depends on the roughness of the polished surface. The use of abrasive wheels made of spherecorundum increases the productivity of the process of abrasive machining of parts. The field of application of hard abrasive tools for grinding wood and wood materials is expanding due to the reduction of tool salting and the elimination of burn-in of the treated surface. In the manufacture of an abrasive tool, the characteristics of the internal volumetric structure are regulated - granularity, grain content and ligaments. When grinding wood and wood materials, only the peripheral surface of the circle, its relief, takes a direct part in the work. The paper describes the relief of a circle made of spherecorundum and establishes a relationship between volumetric characteristics and its surface geometric parameters, which are necessary to determine the main indicators of the grinding process.

In case of application of smooth hold-back rolls from wood laminated plastics and a compregnated wood which elastic modules are close to an elastic modulus of the wood given by rollers, deformations of the roller and wood can be determined by the given formulas. Deformations are arcwise connected with loadings and gradually increase with their increase

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Grinding holds the specific place among other types of machining of wood caused by specific features of the occurring physical phenomena and features of the tool. When processing the mechanical, chemical, thermal, electric and accompanying those phenomena arise a multiple-point cutting tool of preparations from wood or wood materials, naturally. The mechanical phenomena are shown owing to repeated contact of an abrasive paper from the preparation processed by a surface, that is, the fissile sliding friction. These phenomena are followed by a pollution of a cutting tool, including consolidation of space between abrasive grains that reduces operability of an abrasive paper. On the basis of the conducted theoretical researches and the analysis of the removed equations for determination of critical sizes of front corner, thickness of cut and speed of cutting, it is possible to draw conclusion that all listed parameters have significant effect on the size of bearing of the processed material abrasive grain, therefore, and on intensity of emergence of contact collapses. Increase in critical thickness of a cut leads to increase in deformation of near-surface layers of the processed material, and, therefore, and to increase in depth and the number of contact destructions.