Introduction: Myocardial bridging is the term used when a segment of major epicardial coronary artery runs intramuscularly under the tunnel formed by fibers of myocardium that bridges instead of it's normal or routine epicardial path. In the literature there are varying reports on clinical implications of myocardial bridges from protection against atherosclerosis to myocardial ischemia, as well as leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death.

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a developmental malformation characterized by incomplete development of lung tissue. During routine fetal autopsy of an apparently normal female dead fetus of 36 weeks gestation presented completely hypoplastic left lung, partially hypoplastic right lung, right-sided shift of heart, right-sided shift of trachea, left-sided diaphragmatic hernia through which an extra lobe from left lobe of liver extended into the left half of thoracic cavity. Left kidney was iliac in position.

Background:There is a relationship between the intrauterine development, pubertal and adulthood variations, anomalies, and pathology of ovaries. But the entire development spectrum of the ovaries from fetal to menopausal age has not been examined among Indian females.Objectives:This study was conducted with an objective to establish the morphological and morphometric development characteristics of ovaries in local population as a proxy for Indians.Materials and Methods:Thirty ovaries from prenatal embryos and fetuses aged 6 weeks to 40 weeks and 50 postnatal ovaries up to 55 years of age were studied for morphology and morphometry, by doing dissection.Results:Oval shape was predominant in prenatal ovaries (66.68%), followed by rod (20%), almond, and “S” shapes (6.66% each). Among the postnatal ovaries while almond shape accounted for 72%, the incidence of oval shape was 28%. There was a significant correlation between gestational age and weight of the ovaries both in prenatal (r = 0.56) and postnatal (r = 0.696) specimens studied.Conclusion:Variations in the morphological and morphometric development characteristics of ovaries are common. The findings of this study form an initial database for the local population which may be improved in the subsequent studies.

No abstract

The presence of intrauterine bone fragments is rare. These patients may present with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhoea, abnormal uterine bleeding and secondary infertility. We present a case of a 36-year old woman complaining of dysfunctional uterine bleeding with secondary infertility of six years duration.Detailed history, pelvic ultrasonography, hysteroscopy and histopathological examination of the hysteroscopically evacuated uterine cavity fragments were performed. Morphological examination revealed interesting presence of some tiny bony chips along with endometrial tissue. Intrauterine retained foetal bony chips due to previous medical termination of pregnancy was identified to be the cause of secondary infertility in the present case. Our case reiterates the importance of analyzing detailed clinical history in the evaluation of patients with secondary infertility.