optimize the design of domestic hip prostheses are reviewed. These efforts are focused on new biomaterials, such as tetragonal zirconia bioceramics made of highly pure nanocrystalline powders, nanostructured bioactive ceramic coatings, and new titanium alloys without toxic elements, and new processes such as improved machining of ceramic heads using special diamond nanopowders and advanced software for optimizing the design of hip prostheses and process control.

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A bioinert ceramic based on partially stabilized tetragonal zirconium dioxide has been developed and its chemical and phase composition, microstructure, and physical -technical properties have been investigated. Ceramic heads for endoprostheses for the coxofemoral joint -28 mm in diameter with less than 0.02 mm roughness R a of the spherical surface and 1 mm deviation from sphericity -have been fabricated. It is shown that the bioceramic which has been developed and the ceramic heads for endoprostheses fabricated from it meet the technical characteristics and parameters required by international standards and their quality is at least as good as that of the analogous articles manufactured by well-known firms.