To increase the production of mutton, it is necessary to improve the genetic resources of sheep with precocity and high meat productivity. In this regard, the meat breed Dorper has gained its popularity, which has good meat qualities. The aim of this paper is to study the hematological parameters in the blood of the Kalmyk fat-tailed breed and hybrids (1/2 Kalmyk fat-tailed × ½ dorper). The work was carried out in LLC “Agrofirma Aduchi”, the Republic of Kalmykia in 2017. It is established that hybrids have a high content of hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes in the blood, which indicates the activation of redox processes in the body, and confirms their higher growth rates during cultivation. The content of total protein in the blood serum increased with age and was within the physiological norm. At 4 months of age, in the serum of lambs of group II, there was more total protein by 4.86 g/l (7.39%) (P > 0.95), and at 8 months of age – by 5.16 g/l (7.74%) (P > 0.99), than in peers of the control group. Crossbred calves were significantly superior to purebred animals also in blood serum, albumin, activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The activation of metabolic processes in the body of local sheep contributed to a high energy of growth in comparison with purebred peers of Kalmyk fat-tailed breed.

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

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Изучены продуктивные качества и биохимические показатели сыворотки крови молодняка овец, полученного от скрещивания овцематок калмыцкой курдючной породы с баранами породы дорпер. Для проведения опыта было сформировано две группы овцематок калмыцкой курдючной породы по принципу пар аналогов, по 40 голов в каждой. Маток I группы покрывали баранами калмыцкой курдючной породы, а овцематок II группы баранами породы дорпер (опытная группа). Помесный п о р о д (калмыцкая в о з р а с т е курдючная   дорпер) молодняк превосходил чистопородных п о д с о с н ы й сверстников калмыцкой р е з у л ь т а т ы курдючной породы к о г д а по живой массе м а с с е во все периоды выращивания. Он превосходил сверстников первой контрольной группы по среднесуточному приросту живой массы за подсосный период в ц е м а т о к п п з а з л т т м б п о д с о с н ы й п е р и о д на 29,25 г (P> 0,999), а за весь период выращивания-т з о л д р ж л д д д ж о з з з з з р + + д / 7 р о р о л о б а а а а а а а щ з-о в ц е м а т о к на 21,08 г (P> 0,999). Содержание общего белка в сыворотке крови с возрастом повышалось и находилось в пределах физиологической нормы. Помесный молодняк достоверно превосходил чистопородных животных также по содержанию в сыворотке крови альбуминов, активности AСT, АЛТ и щелочной фосфатазы.

Organizing and conducting scientific and farm experiment is one of the most important components of any scientific and research work. The features of the modern period of animal husbandry development, the state of the feed base in all categories of farms, the availability of qualified specialists, the level and culture of conducting selection and technological techniques, create the main conditions for reliable performance of experimental researches. In sheep breeding the success of research work on the selection plan depends to a large extent on careful individual accounting of the results of insemination and lambing of ewes. Currently, in different categories of sheep farms crossbreeding is used as one of the methods for faster improvement and increasing the productivity of animals. At the same time, it is not always clear from the materials of many researches how the experimental groups of breeding stock were formed, what rules of selection were observed during artificial insemination, how accounting was carried out during insemination and lambing of ewes, what justifies the calculation of some indicators of economic effectiveness of the research without taking into account important economically useful features. The recommendations on how to eliminate possible errors when conducting research and production experiments by young scientists have been provided in the article. In particular, the main principles of forming experimental groups of sheep by age, productivity and origin have been shown. The necessity of housing all sex and age groups of experimental animals with complete feeding has been noted. The most important condition is the same number of ewes inseminated every day with the semen of each mating stud ram. It has been recommended to use vasectomy teaser rams for the authenticity of the origin of the obtained off spring. Special attention has been paid to the need to take into account all valuable economic useful features studied in the course of scientific and production experiments to calculate some indicators of economic effectiveness when rearing off spring of different origin.