Цель исследования: изучить особенности социального статуса, клиники и диагностики у пациентов с туберкулезом (ТБ) на поздних стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции с иммунодефицитом и заболеванием, вызываемым новой коронавирусной инфекцией (SARS-Cov-2) – COVID-19 в сравнении с больными ТБ на поздних стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции с иммунодефицитом, но без COVID-19. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 20 пациентов с коморбидностью COVID-19, ТБ и ВИЧ-инфекции на поздних стадиях с иммунодефицитом (основная группа), 20 аналогичных больных без COVID-19 составили группу сравнения. Результаты. Коморбидность COVID-19 и ТБ на поздних стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции с иммунодефицитом характеризуется социальной дезадаптацией, наркозависимостью с сопутствующим вирусным гепатитом В или С и ХОБЛ, что не отличается от пациентов без COVID-19. Дифференцировать сочетания данных болезней по клиническим и лучевым методам исследования не представляется возможным. Необходимы специальные микробиологические и молекулярно-генетические исследования диагностического материала из респираторной системы и других органов. Заключение. Для предотвращения заражения населения SARS-Cov-2 необходимо активное обследование всех больных ТБ и ВИЧ-инфекцией, состоящих на учете в кабинете противотуберкулезной помощи ВИЧ-инфицированным и противотуберкулезном диспансере (ПТД).

The successful development of the world sheep breeding is due to its meat productivity. In this regard, dorper meat breed gained its popularity, which has good meat qualities. The aim of the paper was to study the histological structure of the longissimus muscle of back of young rams of Kalmyk fat-tailed breeds and hybrids (1/2 Kalmyk fat-tailed + ½ dorper), as well as to establish a correlation between histological indicators of muscle tissue and slaughter and meat qualities. The work was carried out in LLC “Agrofirma Aduchi”, Republic of Kalmykia in 2016-2017. It was found that the muscle tissue of crossbred young rams was characterized by a large number of muscle fibers per unit area, a smaller diameter of muscle fiber, a higher rating of “marbling”. The content of connective tissue was greater in purebred rams than in crossbred ones. The area of the “muscle eye” was larger in crossbred animals of the second group. In the animals of Kalmyk fat-tailed breed, the coefficient of variation in the number of muscle fibers per mm2 was high and made up of 7.36% for the overall assessment of “marbling” to 10.59%, the content of connective tissue – 5.94%, which is higher compared to crossbred animals. Muscle tissue of crossbreed young rams is characterized by significantly more muscle fibers per unit area, smaller diameter of muscle fiber, and a higher rating of “marbling”.

The purpose of the study was to assess the efficiency of crossing the ewes of Kalmyk fat tailed breed with the rams of the Dorper breed to create a new genotype of the purebred sheep, as well as to assess the productive qualities and interior features of the first generation cross breed during intensive feeding in the conditions of the arid zone of Kalmykia. It was established that the crossbred rams have the best feed-efficiency by the body weight gain. In two months of feeding they consumed less dry matter per 1 kg of the body weight gain than the purebred animals by 2.11 kg, energetic feed unit (EFU) – by 2.17, exchange energy – by 21.67 MJ, crude protein – by 354.26 g. The cross breed of the experimental group showed a significantly higher content of total protein, alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT enzymes transamination in the blood and serum during all periods of the study indicating the activation of redox processes in animals. The crossbred rams significantly surpassed their purebred herdmates in terms of preslaughter body weight by 11.07 kg, chilled carcass weight – by 5.37 kg, slaughter weight – by 5.18 kg, boneless meat weight in carcass – by 4.86 kg, loin eye area – by 3.54 cm2.

The study materials of 23 patients with COVID-19, combined with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the late stages of HIV infection with an average CD4+ cells count not exceeding 30 cells/μl of blood and in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (the main group) and 23 patients with no COVID-19 (the comparison group) and the similar parameters are presented. The presence or absence of COVID-19 is characterized by social maladjustment, drug addiction, concomitant viral hepatitis B or C and COPD, generalized tuberculosis with extrapulmonary damage of various organs and the development of other opportunistic pulmonary infections, similar clinical and radiological manifestations, which can only be differentiated by microbiological and molecular genetic research methods. To prevent exogenous infection of the healthy population with COVID-19, it is imperative to organize an active regular examination of all patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection for COVID-19, especially at the later stages, in the TB care office for HIV-infected people at TB dispensaries.

The purpose of this work was to determine the efficiency of using crossbred rams(? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper) for crossing with Stavropol breed ewes in order to obtain lamb meat. In order to carry out the research and production experiment, two groups of Stavropol breed ewes with 40 heads in each group were formed according to the paired comparison method. In late October – early November 2019, ewes from group 1 were inseminated with the sperm of Stavropol breed rams and ewes from group 2 were inseminated with the sperm of crossbred rams (? Kalmyk fat-tailed + ? Dorper). It was found that the conception rate of ewes from the 2nd experimental group was 2.5% higher than in the control group. 44 lambs were obtained from the ewes of the 2nd experimental group, which was 4 heads or 10% more than from the 1st control group. Crossbred lambshave increased growth and they are significantly superior to purebred herdmates of Stavropol breed in live weight at the age of five months by 3.3 kg (P> 0.999), at the age of six months by 4.2 kg (P> 0.999), and at the age of seven months by 5.1 kg (P> 0.999). The study of exterior traits indicates that crossbred animals have higher indices of format, chest, blockiness and massiveness, while purebred animals of Stavropol breed are distinguished by higher indices of long legs and overgrowth.