Цель работы: улучшить результаты лечения больных спаечной непроходимостью путем закрытия обширных участков десерозации кишки участком париетальной брюшины. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в два этапа. Первым этапом был эксперимент, во время которого у животных (кролики) моделировали острую непроходимость кишечника с наличием обширных участков десерозации Второй этап, клинический, включал анализ результатов лечения 57 больных со спаечной острой непроходимостью кишки. Результаты исследований и их обсуждение. В эксперименте на модели обтурационного илеуса с обширной десерозацией стенки кишки установлено, что закрытие повреждённых участков кишки лоскутом собственной брюшины способствует восстановлению мезотелиального слоя уже на 7 сутки. Использование аутотрансплантата брюшины при обширных десерозациях кишки в клинике позволило в 5 раз снизить число послеоперационных осложнений, по сравнению с теми случаями, в которых выполняли резекции повреждённого сегмента. Закрытие обширных участков десерозации лоскутом аутобрюшины способствует восстановлению физиологического слоя мезотелия и позволяет избежать резекций поврежденных участков, снижая тем самым число послеоперационных осложнений.
Summary. Objective — a retrospective analysis of the causes of TEI complications and the results of their treatment. Materials and methods. The long-term results of performed TEI in 2909 patients were analyzed. The most common indication for TEI was choledocholithiasis, which was found in 1873 (65.4 %) patients and stenosis of papilla was detected in 454 (15.6 %) patients. Complications arose in 112 (3.85 %) patients. 4 (0.14 %) patients died. Results. Bleeding occurred in 28 (0.96 %) patients. In 12 of 26 patients, endoscopic hemostatic manipulations were additionally performed. Two patients with profuse bleeding from a papillotomy wound were urgently operated on, one patient died. Acute pancreatitis occurred in 68 (2.33 %) patients, of which 56 (1.92 %) had an edematous form, and 12 (0.41 %) patients had a destructive form. 11 patients were operated on from 2 to 15 days from the onset of the disease. Two patients with pancreatic necrosis died of intoxication, the source of which was progressive retroperitoneal necrosis. In 5 (0.17 %) patients, intervention on the papilla was complicated by perforation of the wall of the duodenum. 4 out of 5 patients were urgently operated on (B-2 antrumectomy, external drainage of the common bile duct and retro duodenal space). All 4 patients recovered. In 1 patient, complication was diagnosed on the 5th day after the intervention, which led to delayed surgery and the death of the patient. In 11 patients (0.38 %), a Dormia basket with a stone in the distal part of the common bile duct wedged when trying to extract it. Only one of 11 patients was operated on as planned; in the remaining 10, the problem was resolved with repeated TEI. Conclusions. Punctual technical implementation of all stages of manipulation, selective cannulation of the bile ducts, careful x-ray control of the position and advancement of the instrument in the ducts helps to reduce the number of complications after TEI.
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