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In the course of the research, the calculation and performed analysis of the arc efficiency of furnaces ASF-5 and ASF-100 power furnaces were performed and the average arc efficiency for melting was determined. The reasons of the increased specific consumption of electric power on charge melting by arc steel-melting furnaces of small capacity in comparison with heavy-load furnaces are revealed. Efficiency of arcs of low-tonnage furnaces is much less than the same indicator of modern heavy-duty arc steel-melting furnaces (ASF). Low efficiency of arcs of light-duty furnaces leads to a significant specific power consumption for smelting, comprising 700-750 kWh/t, that is 1.9-2 times higher than the specific energy consumption in modern furnaces ASF-120, amounting to 375 kWh/t. With the use of devices for foaming slag in furnaces ASF-5 the average melting efficiency of furnaces can be increased, and the specific electricity consumption for melting will be reduced to 440-480 kWh/t.

An analytical study of heat transfer and efficiency of arcs in arc steel furnaces of small and large capacity, 1.5-20 tons and 100-120 tons, respectively. We found out that the reason for the increased specific consumption of electricity for melting the batch in small capacity furnaces is the low efficiency of arcs equal to 0.55-0.57 and the corresponding specific energy consumption for melting 475-500 kWh/t. In furnaces of large capacity the efficiency of arcs is 0.78-0.8 and specific energy consumption is 360-375 kWh/t.

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