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In few cases, the presence of typical hyperprolactinemia-related clinical symptoms and their disappearance after treatment with DA suggests biological activity of macroprolactin comparable with that of monomeric prolactin isoform. Decrease of macroprolactin levels after DA treatment could suggest tumoral origin of the high-molecular isoform in these rare cases. Although macroprolactinemia is considered a benign condition, pituitary imaging, DA treatment, and prolonged follow-up may be necessary in certain cases. An individualized approach to the management of patients with macroprolactinemia should be applied.

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A microfluidic sensor was studied for the photometric detection of active chlorine, total chlorine, and pH in swimming pool samples. The sensor consisted of a four-layer borosilicate glass chip, containing a microchannel network and a 2.2 mm path length, 1.7 mL optical cell. The chip was optimised to measure the bleaching of methyl orange and spectral changes in phenol red for quantitative chlorine (active and total) and pH measurements that were suited to swimming pool monitoring. Reagent consumption (60 mL per measurement) was minimised to allow for maintenance-free operation over a nominal summer season (3 months) with minimal waste. The chip was tested using samples from 12 domestic, public, and commercial swimming pools (indoor and outdoor), with results that compare favourably with commercial products (test strips and the N,N’-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method), precision pH electrodes, and iodometric titration.