The Chilean School Lunch program, which serves one million children nationwide, was supplied with three 10-g cookies fortified with 6% bovine hemoglobin concentrate, designed to provide 1 mg bioavailable iron per day. A survey of 1000 children was performed after 3 y. Significant differences in hemoglobin concentrations were found in the children from the fortified vs the nonfortified province (P < 0.01). Low serum ferritin values were also significantly more prevalent in the nonfortified group. The effect was evident despite the very low prevalence of anemia in both the fortified and the unfortified school groups. Heme-iron-fortified cookies are a feasible and effective way to improve the iron status of school-age children. In regions of high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia, the effect of a heme-fortified cookie program should be even more important.

RESUMEN: Una adecuada radiopacidad de los materiales para restauraciones provisorias permite su evaluación en el examen radiográfico. Sin embargo, existe gran desconocimiento sobre el cumplimiento de los requerimientos establecidos por la norma ISO 4049. El objetivo del siguiente estudio fue determinar la radiopacidad de los materiales para provisionalización presentes en el mercado nacional y corroborar si estos cumplen con el valor mínimo requerido por la normativa. Se realizó un estudio experimental in vitro, en el cual se prepararon muestras en forma de discos de 10 mm de diámetro y 1 mm de espesor de resinas acrílicas: Acrílico Autocurable (Marché®), Duralay (Reliance), Caulkâ (Dentsply), ALIKE™ (GC) y resinas bisacrílicas: Protemp™4 (3M, 2008), LuxatempStar (DMG), Luxacrown (DMG), Structur Premium (VOCO), ExperTemp™ (Ultradent) y Acrytemp (Zhermack). Las muestras fueron radiografiadas junto a una cuña de aluminio escalonada. Las imágenes fueron analizadas para determinar el valor en escala de grises y su respectivo valor en mm de aluminio. Los datos fueron analizados para verificar si cumplen con la normativa ISO. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La radiopacidad equivalente de las resinas acrílicas en mm de Al en orden descendente fue de 0,85 ± 0,08 para ALIKE™, 0,72 ± 0,32 para acrílico Marché®, 0,65 ± 0,25 para Caulkâ y 0,56 ± 0,05 para Duralay, siendo todos menores a lo requerido por la norma. La radiopacidad equivalente de las resinas bisacrílicas fue de 1,75 ± 0

Catheterization and Rashkind SAS is "routine" management in reported series of neonates orior to arterial switch renair of TGA. From 5/86-2/90, we treated 15 newborns with TGA, birth weiqht 3.3kq(ranae 2.7-4.3). All received PGE-1; 2-0 echo, Do~pler, color flow included assessment of foranen ovale(FO), ductus arteriosus(DA) and coronary anomaly(Co-Anom). The FO was defined "restrictive" ("R"F0) by echo gradinq of septa1 L-R bowina, diameter FO and flow velocity(Tab1e). A1 1 had switch under deep hvnothermia. cardiooulmonarv bv-nass and circulatorv arrest. Admit DO? 007-PGE OH" oH-DGE "R"F0 C O A~O~ Sw~tchSurvive UoPAS(12)14hrR 2413 43A 7.31Fi 7.361i1 1 3 6 h r m 7 R4S(3) 9dhr 20 29 7.29 7.41 3 3 l a h r 2 Onlv 3 rewired cardiac cath and RAS(afles 10hr. 16hr. 270hr). All 15 'had POA after PGE, but these 3 did not have'acceotable po2 rise (Table). Only these 3 had "RUFO by echo and 02 increased after BAS (n p02 29.43 torr). The 1 Co-Anom was correctly predicted by echo. Fourteen(93X) survive to date(2mo-3.5yr) and are NYHA-I. The nonsurvivor had BAS but died 2 days post switch. Conclusion: Clinical and echo criteria accurately identify newborns requiring BAS. Routine cath and BAS are not necessary for successful arterial switch when undertaken early in newborns with acceotable pO2 and nonNR"FO. Bone an3 Yldney Mlneral Content w~t h Oluretic Therapy rn the Teonatal

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INTA U. de Chile. Chile. I n t r o p i c a l camtries with poor environmental sanitation mild t o severe non specific changes i n t h e small i n t e s t i n a l morphology and function have been described. This study was carried out t o investigate whether similar changes occur i n countries of temperate climate and poor sanitation. Fifteen young healthy volunteers, who belonged t o t h e lowest socioeconomic s t r a t u s were studied. They l i v e i n periurban slums i n Santiago, where high contamination indexes prevail. Evaluation of t h e nutritional s t a t u s (physical examination, anthm120metry, biochemical ), i n t e s t i n a l function (serum carotene and vit.A. blood xylose a f t e r 5g o r a l standard dose, disaccharidases, dwdenal biopsy, nitrogen and f a t balance), stool p a r a s i t e s and s t o o l culture were performed. Nutritional s t a t u s was normal i n all cases.0ne subject had semm carotene below 60ugk. One hour blood xylose was below 20md i n 67% of cases. Serum vitamin A and disaccharidases were normal i n a l l cases. G. Lamblia and/or Ent.Hystol i t i c a were obtained the s t o o l s i n 7 subjects. Stool c u l t u r e s was negative i n all cases. Light microscopy of t h e mucosa s h e wed mild unspecific changes. Electron microscopy revealed mild t o roderate patchy changes i n the brushborder and basal memtram Nitrogen and f a t balance were normal i n a l l cases. Mild nonspecific changes of the small i n t e s t i n a l morphology and function suggest a mild environmental enteropathy of l e s s e r magnitude than those described i n t r o p i c a l countries. There e x i s t s d a t a on t h e f e a s i b i l i t y and need of reinduct i o n of lactation. This i s understood as a physiological process through which l a c t a t i o n is s t a r t e d again i n women who have e a r l y weaned t h e i r children. As part of a program f o r joint mother and sick infant hospitalization, r e l a c t a t i o n was induced i n 100 i n f a n t s ages 6 months o r l e s s , which were hospitalized due t o severe acute diarrhea with dehydratation, acidosis o r shock. Weaning had been complete i n 71 and p a r t i a l i n 29 infants. Relactation was based on the strong motivation of the mother, the family group and t h e health team, i n s t a l a t i o n of s e l f demand breast feeding, progressive reduction of cow milk b o t t l e feeding and c a l o r i c supplementation f o r t h e mother.Abmlute r e l a c t a t i o n (only breast feeding) was obtained i n 29i n f a n t s with an average duration of l a c t a t i o n of 55 days (range 7-150). P a r t i a l r e l a c t a t i o n (adding up t o two b o t t l e s d a i l y ) was obtained i n 23 i n f a n t s with an average deration of 21 days (range 7-60 ). IRON NUTRITION I N CHILEAN BREAST FED INFANTS.I / E.Hertrampf, M.Cinamama, S.Llamno and A. Stekel. I n s t i t u t e of Nutrition and Food Technology, Univer s i t y of Chile, Santiago.Recent evidence sudgests t h a t iron i n human milk has a high b i~ a v a i l a b i l i t y...