Canine Distemper (CD) is a severe life threatening disease with a worldwide distribution caused by a Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae similar to the human Measles virus, transmitted between susceptible hosts and the dog still remains the most important reservoir for the infection (Leisewitz et al., 2001). The disease affects mainly domestic dogs but has become a serious problem in a wide range of hosts, threatening captive and free- ranging wildlife populations including several marine mammals such as seals, dolphins and whales (Visser et al., 1993). Dogs show signs of severe tooth enamel damage or enamel hypoplasia during the course of the disease particularly in young puppies whose teeth have not fully developed

Background: Periparturient mortality in goats have a great economic impact on the livelihood of marginal farmers. Pregnancy toxaemia, a metabolic disease in small ruminants occurs as a result of negative energy balance consequent to enhanced requirement for glucose by the developing fetuses in the last trimester (last 6 to 4 weeks) of gestation. The present study was aimed to identify diagnostic and prognostic indicators of pregnancy toxaemia. Methods: During the period October 2016 to September 2018, a total of 516 adult non descriptive does were brought to Veterinary University Peripheral Hospital, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 51, of which 264 (51.16%) were treated for medical conditions. Among the does treated for various medical conditions, 72 does were in their last six weeks of gestation carrying twins/triplets and presented with the history of off feed. They were subjected to determination of blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) level by means of a portable blood ketone and glucose monitoring system and qualitative urinalysis using urine dip stick. Does with BHBA level greater than 0.8 mmol/L and less than 1.6 mmol/L were classified as sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemic group (n=12) and BHBA level greater than 1.6 mmol/L were classified as clinical pregnancy toxaemic group (n=12) and subjected to therapy while the remaining 48 does had BHBA levels less than 0.8 mmol/L. The control animals were selected from adult Tellicherry does in the age group of 2 to 4 years maintained at Livestock Farm Complex (LFC), Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai - 600 051. Result: All the twelve does of sub-clinical pregnancy toxaemic group recovered completely with a cure rate of 100%, while in the clinical pregnancy toxaemic group the cure rate was only 33%. Reliable diagnostic indicators of pregnancy toxaemia include blood â-hyroxybutyric acid concentration (³ 0.8 mmol/L) and presence of ketone body, glucose and protein in urine, while hypergly­caemia in advanced pregnancy toxaemic does indicate fetal death.

Mesotheliomas are tumors of low grade malignancy originating from mesothelial cells covering the coelomic cavities such as the pericardium, pleura, peritoneum and vaginal tunic (Seo et al., 2007). The three types of mesotheliomas are epithelial, fibrous (arcomatous) and biphasic (mixed). The epithelial form, which closely resembles the carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of mesothelioma in dogs (Echandi et al., 2007). Pleural effusion is one of the most classical characteristic feature of mesothelioma. They cause minimal tissue invasion and rarely metastasis to other regions (Vural et al., 2007). In addition to viral or genetic factors long term exposure to dusts such as asbestos, iron or silica plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. It is more common in older animals than younger animals (Echandi et al., 2007). The major clinical sign of this condition occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the body cavities (Seo et al., 2007). The cytological analysis of the fluid helps to determine the cause of pleural effusion and to make rapid diagnosis (Martin  et al., 2011). The morphology of the mesothelial cells are round to polygonal in outline, with anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, pleomorphic multi-nucleated cells, minimal eosinophilic or basophilic cytoplasm, mitosis, loose chromatin, evident nucleoli and ovoid to angulated vesicular nucleus (Martin et al., 2011).

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