The methods of deriving the relations describing the influence of the external electric field on thermodynamic characteristics and shape of a dielectric liquid droplet are considered. It is shown that the uniform external electric field enhances nucleation for a fixed vapor chemical potential due to decreasing the chemical potential per molecule in droplet and the work of droplet formation. The results are obtained by taking into account the axisymmetric prolongation of the droplet in the direction of the external electric field.
Two versions of the fundamental measure density functionals together with a new interfacial density profile parametrization were used to study the hard-sphere crystal-melt interface in the framework of the fundamental measure density functional theory. The equilibrium interfacial density profiles and interfacial free energies were found as a result of minimization of grand canonical potential of system with respect to parameters of density profile. We found that the average interfacial free energy is about 0.78, which is in reasonable agreement with simulation results.
In the framework of modified mean-field density-functional theory, effects of a uniform electric field on the interfacial properties of a model dipolar fluid ͓Teixeira and Telo da Gama, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3, 111 ͑1991͔͒ are studied. Both density and orientational order-parameter profiles of the planar vapor-liquid interface are obtained as a function of the field strength. For the dipolar fluids with reduced dipole moment 0 *р1, we find that the field ͑under the condition 0 *E*/T*Ӷ1͒ can shift the surface tension by few percent. We also find that the electric field actually reduces the thermodynamical surface tension but enhances the mechanical surface tension at the equimolar dividing surface. To detect these field effects on the surface tension we estimate the field strength which can be as high as 10 8 V/m.
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