The effects of external electric field in thermodynamics of formation of dielectric droplet

Warshavsky, Vadim B.; Щекин, А. К.

doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00769-9

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…More exactly, the electrostatic energy gain in the electric field can be represented as [25][26][27] …”

Section: Field Induced Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrostatic Theory of Metal Whiskers

Карпов

2014

Phys. Rev. Applied

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Metal whiskers often grow across leads of electric equipment and electronic package causing current leakage or short circuits and raising significant reliability issues. The nature of metal whiskers remains a mystery after several decades of research. Here, the existence of metal whiskers is attributed to the energy gain due to electrostatic polarization of metal filaments in the electric field. The field is induced by surface imperfections: contaminations, oxide states, grain boundaries, etc. A proposed theory provides closed form expressions and quantitative estimates for the whisker nucleation and growth rates, explains the range of whisker parameters and effects of external biasing, and predicts statistical distribution of their lengths.

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“…More exactly, the electrostatic energy gain in the electric field can be represented as [25][26][27] …”

Section: Field Induced Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(26) are that of the 1D model of whisker evolution and the infinitely blocking barriers. Relaxing either of them would allow additional whisker growth.…”

Section: 5859mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrostatic Theory of Metal Whiskers

Карпов

2014

Phys. Rev. Applied

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“…Examples include ion-induced nucleation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and nucleation in a uniform electric field. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The classical theory of nucleation predicts that the barrier height to nucleation is proportional to the cube of the surface tension in the absence of electric field. 13 Consequently, if the applied field can cause a small shift in the surface tension it may lead to an appreciable change in the rate of nucleation according to the classical theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of external electric field on the interfacial properties of weakly dipolar fluid

Warshavsky

Bykov

Zeng

2001

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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In the framework of modified mean-field density-functional theory, effects of a uniform electric field on the interfacial properties of a model dipolar fluid ͓Teixeira and Telo da Gama, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3, 111 ͑1991͔͒ are studied. Both density and orientational order-parameter profiles of the planar vapor-liquid interface are obtained as a function of the field strength. For the dipolar fluids with reduced dipole moment 0 *р1, we find that the field ͑under the condition 0 *E*/T*Ӷ1͒ can shift the surface tension by few percent. We also find that the electric field actually reduces the thermodynamical surface tension but enhances the mechanical surface tension at the equimolar dividing surface. To detect these field effects on the surface tension we estimate the field strength which can be as high as 10 8 V/m.

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“…By virtue of the axial symmetry of the system, the equilibrium shape of the film is also axially symmetric and is spec ified by profile Substituting expressions (2) for phases α and β into the right hand part of Eq. (1) and the expressions for mean curvature H [14][15][16][17][18][19] and Lame coefficients into its left hand part (in the con sidered reference system, , we obtain the following nonlinear second order differential equa tion for profile : is imposed, which is valid for a film completely envel oping the solid particle [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Equations For Film Profile Electric Potential and Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When calculating profile of the film at preset number ν of molecules in it with allowance for the incompressibility of the liquid, it is necessary to impose an additional condition of the constancy of volume [15][16][17][18][19]. With the use of effective radius , this condition acquires the following form:…”

Section: Equations For Film Profile Electric Potential and Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of a liquid wetting film on a spherical particle with an adsorbed ion

et al. 2013

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A thermodynamic description has been formulated for a wetting film formed on a spherical solid dielectric particle with a discrete electric charge adsorbed on its surface. The description is based on differ ential equations for the equilibrium nonspherical profile of the film and electric potentials in the particle, film, and a vapor-gas medium. By combining these equations and taking into account the action of disjoining pressure in the film, the film shape in a noncentral electric field has been determined and an expression has been derived for the chemical potential of condensate molecules in the film as a function of the effective cur vature radius of the film external surface, this radius being predetermined by the number of condensate mol ecules in the film. The magnitude of the adsorbed electric charge, its characteristic size and its location with respect to the center of the solid particle, dielectric permittivities of the liquid in the film and the material of the particle, particle size, and the characteristics of the isotherm of the disjoining pressure represent param eters of the problem. Three characteristic disjoining pressure isotherms corresponding to films that wet and partly wet the particle in the absence of the electric charge have been considered. It has been shown that the noncentral position of an adsorbed ion at small particle sizes strongly affects the surface profile of a thin film and the chemical potential of its molecules.

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The effects of external electric field in thermodynamics of formation of dielectric droplet

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Electrostatic Theory of Metal Whiskers

Electrostatic Theory of Metal Whiskers

Effects of external electric field on the interfacial properties of weakly dipolar fluid

Thermodynamics of a liquid wetting film on a spherical particle with an adsorbed ion

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