The present study preliminarily investigates the diversity and composition of arbustive spider assemblages occurring in an early stage (arbustive), an intermediate stage (early secondgrowth), and a mature stage area (Atlantic Forest fragment) in Torres municipality, Rio Grande do Sul. Spiders and other arthropods (potential prey) were caught during the day with beating trays inside ten 3 m2 plots randomly placed inside each area, during two fi eld trips in 2008. An individual-based rarefaction (with confi dence intervals) was utilized to access differences in spider richness between areas, spider assemblage composition variation among the three succession areas was accessed by a MANOVA via randomization test, and the correlation between arbustive spider composition and the composition of potential preys was analyzed by a Mantel test. There were no signifi cant differences in arbustive spider abundances between areas. Mature stage area presented higher arbustive spider richness compared to early stage area and intermediate stage area. The three habitats showed different compositions of arbustive spider assemblages, and the composition of arbustive spiders was not correlated with the composition of the potential preys. Higher richness of arbustive spiders in the mature area is probably due to a more diverse plant community. Compositions found in the three habitats indicate that many mature-forest species could not be capable of using matrix habitats. It seems that the mature patch is surrounded mainly by an inhospitable matrix, with little overlap in spider species composition between the habitats showing more similar vegetation composition (mature and intermediate). Our fi ndings outpoint to a habitat-selective spider assemblage in this Atlantic Forest fragment highlighting the importance of protecting Atlantic forest fragments to conserve arbustive spider assemblages. Moreover, intermediate stage areas contiguous to forest fragments could be important to some forest dwelling species and also needs attention.
This paper discusses the initiatives taken under the Mackenzie Prebisterian University with respect to IETF, IRTF and ISOC during the period 2012- 2015. Additionally, it makes an approach regarding the involvement of people of the LACNIC region in the IETF and features the low participation of regions on the in uence of AFRINIC and LACNIC. In addition we present some proposed actions to take for the next five years.
ResumoEste artigo relata a investigação sobre higiene, com uma amostra de 19 alunos de anos iniciais em uma escola privada de Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Tem por objetivo investigar as concepções espontâneas sobre a higiene e identificar as contribuições de um método de ensino, centrado numa abordagem lúdica de educação, para o ensino e a aprendizagem de crianças na área da saúde. Como método de estudo, foi aplicada uma atividade prática com a turma pesquisada. As principais percepções assinalam que atividades práticas desenvolvidas facilitam a aprendizagem, possibilitam maior envolvimento, permitem momentos de distração, possibilitam revisão de conteúdos e necessitam de conhecimentos prévios. Com base nestes resultados são apresentadas algumas implicações educativas para discussão nos anos iniciais. Palavras-chave: conceitos prévios, higiene e metodologia de ensino. AbstractThis paper shows the results of research about hygiene. The sample group was from a school in the municipality Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The group studied was composed of 19 pupils from both the nursery and basic education phases of the school. This study aims to research of spontaneous conceptions and propose a roadmap of activities on identify the contributions of a teaching method, centered in a ludic education approach, for the teaching and learning of students in the health area. To assess the responses from the children, an interview was made using an experimental methodology was applied with one of the groups surveyed. Students who participated in the methodological activity, were interviewed again. The main perceptions showed that the developed game made the learning process easier and allowed a stronger involvement, moments of distraction and enabled subjects review and it showed that previous knowledge was demanded. Based on these results some educational implications are presented for discussion in the early years.
ResumoDiversos manuais de Filosofia da Educação se referem a Rousseau como um dos precursores da educação moderna, devido ao papel que a criança passou a ter na sua teoria da educação. Em especial sua obra Emílio, ou da educação mostra a importância da criança. Porém, se a educação não for entendida apenas como uma conformação do homem à sociedade e suas leis, mas, sim, uma transformação radical do seres humanos, capaz de conduzi-los da barbárie à cultura; perceberemos que esta importância de Rousseau para a educação moderna só é real, enquanto o autor se mantém pessimista em relação à natureza humana, afirmando que esta é originalmente boa e que degenera entre os homens; e que, nos momentos em que o otimismo suplanta o pessimismo, desaparece a possibilidade da educação, pois aí, o homem está novamente no estado de natureza, onde há o aniquilamento da cultura e o abandono da razão. Palavras-chave:Rousseau; educação; pessimismo. AbstractIn several manuals of Philosophy of Education Rousseau is thought as a forerunner of modern education, given the role that the child becomes to have in his theory of education. In particular his work Emile, or Education shows the importance of the child. But, if education is not understood only as a conformation of men to society and its laws, but, a radical transformation of human beings, able to lead them from barbarism to culture, we realize that Rousseau's importance for modern education is only real, while the author remains pessimistic about human nature, affirming that it is originally good, and that degenerates among men; and that, at times when optimism outshines pessimism, disappears the possibility of education, otherwise the man is back to the state of nature, where there is destruction of culture and the abandonment of reason.
Este artigo busca resolver a seguinte contradição do pensamento de Nietzsche: o homem possui uma constituição subjetiva pulsional, estas pulsões, porém, são individuais, e o seu ser, o das pulsões, constitui-se da luta por mais poder (vontade de poder). O homem superior de Nietzsche (homem culto e cultivado) é aquele no qual há harmonia nas pulsões, aquele que pode dar mais liberdade às suas mais terríveis pulsões, sem, no entanto, perder o controle sobre elas. Eis a contradição: se o homem superior exerce controle sobre as pulsões então elas não são harmônicas. Há, aqui, a incompatibilidade entre harmonia e controle. Em outros termos: o homem superior é de fato o homem culto e cultivado de Nietzsche? Se a resposta para esta pergunta for sim, então neste homem reina a harmonia pulsional. Se, por outro lado, a resposta for não, então, para que este homem não se torne um bárbaro destruidor, perigoso para si e para os outros, é necessário que uma pulsão domine as demais. Todavia não se pode fugir à contradição: ou nele há harmonia ou há controle pulsional.Palavras-chave: subjetividade; pulsão; cultura; civilização. INTRODUÇÃOÉ sabido que o jovem Nietzsche afirmou que cultura é a unidade de estilos artísticos na vida de um povo (conf. NIETZSCHE 1967(conf. NIETZSCHE -77 und 1988. Transferindo essa ideia da primeira fase do pensamento de Nietzsche para sua fase
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