COVID-19 is spreading all around the world, and is considered as the most widespread infectious disease of the century. Coronavirus transmits through respiratory droplets when in close contact with the infected person. Therefore, populous places are more likely to be the source of the novel coronavirus that is threatening the health of everyone especially the geriatric population. This study aimed to compare the transmission of coronavirus between metropolitan and non- metropolitan counties as lessons of mortality (especially in geriatric) following COVID-19 epidemic. The USAFact.org public website (https://usafacts.org/visualizations) was used to determine the transmission between metro and non- metropolitan counties. In this study, four different time periods were considered for the COVID-19 incremental trend (April 1, May 1, June 1, and July 1, 2020). The number of cases was determined per each 10,000 population. Yellow color means no case in the metropolitan county (metro). Orange color means less than 10 cases/10,000 of the population in metro. Figure and maps were used to show the objectives of the study. In metropolitan counties, the spread of COVID-19 is very fast, which is significantly different from the non-metro counties (P<0.001). The results show the sharp increasing trend of infected people in metropolitan counties. In metropolitan counties the number of infected people reached 2 420 316 cases per 10 000 populations but the number of infected people reached 231 459 cases per 10 000 populations. Over the four months period, the frequency of the light colors was decreased. According to the results, susceptible people especially the elderly should move to non- metropolitan counties during the COVID-19 pandemic to be less likely at risk.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the potential relationship between depression, diabetes knowledge and self-care management with quality of life in diabetic patients. Design/methodology/approach This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 diabetic patients in Tabriz, Iran in 2015-2017. Quality of life was assessed by a validated questionnaire. The Persian version of the Beck Aeron questionnaire was used to assess the depression status. Knowledge and self-care management was evaluated by the health belief model questionnaire. Simple and multiple regression models were used to determine the relationship between the mentioned factors and the quality of life in diabetic patients. Findings Thirty-six per cent of the patients suffered from depression. The mean score of the total quality of life was 33.75 ± 8.72. The scores of the three domains of the quality of life were less than the normal range (“complication of diabetes” domain: 9.93 ± 3.16, “diagnosis, therapy and follow-up” domain: 10.91 ± 3.31, “psycho-social effect of diabetes” domain: 12.93 ± 4.41). The score of “complication of diabetes” score in males was significantly higher than females (p = 0.001). There was a significant relationship between depression (p < 0.001), self-care management (p = 0.019) and two parameters of knowledge (diet: p = 0.006 and diabetes: p = 0.004) with quality of life of diabetic patients. Originality/value The obtained results presented an unfavorable status of knowledge, physical and mental health in diabetic patients and a strong relationship between health-related factors with quality of life. Therefore, it is suggested to hold community-based health-promoting programs to enhance the overall life satisfaction in people with diabetes.

Introduction: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a common syndrome following kidney transplantation. In this study, we reviewed systematically the relationship between ATN and kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods: International databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were considered for search of English articles by Aug 2019. Seven published articles were finally entered into the study. Keywords were ATN, acute kidney injury, kidney transplantation and renal transplantation or a combination of them in the title/abstracts. Results: There were seven published articles (conducted on 2,534 individuals) reviewed in this systematic review consisted of two retrospective, three prospective studies and two clinical trial studies. Conclusion: The administration of cyclosporine immediately following kidney transplantation is a predicting factor for development of ATN. According to the results, ATN can be associated with kidney transplantation, especially transplanted from deceased donors.

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor that may lead to development of Atherosclerosis (ATS). Recent studies have emphasized on the importance of high blood pressure and cholesterol on cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to simultaneously examine factors that affect total cholesterol (TC), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using the mixed response model. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 245 participants, hospitalized at Shahid Madani state hospital, Khorramabad-Iran diagnosed with ATS in fall and winter 2014. The method of sampling was convenience sampling and the participants were selected through census of all the patients hospitalized in different cardiac wards, except for angiography. Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.021), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P = 0.004), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.002). In addition, FBG (P=0.002), CRP (P = 0.011) and LDL-C (P = 0.027) levels were significantly associated with DBP. It was revealed that age (P = 0.016), smoking (P = 0.010), triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.001) and FBG (P = 0.021) were significantly associated with TC. Conclusions: Cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent and there are many risk factors. Therefore, it is necessary to provide proper education on changing life style and preventing the disease.