An emulsified gel of (+)-catechin was developed and evaluated topically against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted (DMBA-induced and TPA-promoted) squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in BALB/c mice. The biological evaluation outcome indicated that the (+)-catechin emulsified gel increased the activity of oxidative stress biomarkers glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whereas it decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The mechanistic study showed that genes implicated in the inflammation and cancer, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), were down-regulated by (+)-catechin emulsified gel while inhibiting an inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The (+)-catechin emulsified gel further suppressed the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, viz. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The in vitro permeation study revealed that release of (+)-catechin from an emulsified gel base reached a steady state after 6 h, while pH of the entire emulsified gel was found to be between 6.2 and 6.5 that falls well within the normal pH range of the skin.

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In the present investigation, a series of novel 3-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)indolin-2-one was synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of indolin-2-one with substituted diaryl formylpyrazoles using alcoholic sodium hydroxide. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 HNMR, and mass spectroscopy.The title compounds were evaluated for qualitative (zone of inhibition) and quantitative antibacterial activity (MIC) by agar diffusion and broth microdilution MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) methods, respectively against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the synthesized compounds were found active against Gram-positive bacteria, while showed very weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Docking study was performed to check interaction of synthesized compounds with the target DNA gyrase.

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Natural products and their scaffolds encompasses an array of molecular entities as starting points for drug designing and discovery. In the past two decades, phytochemically driven Lantadenes and their modified analogues have attracted lots of attention due to their tumor necrosis factor-α induced nuclear factor-kappa B inhibition and consequently their promising anticancer potential. Earlier reports described the synthesis of esters at C-3 and C-22 of pentacyclic triterpenoid Lantadene, and their evaluation to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α induced nuclear factor-kappa B along with cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells. In the modern drug discovery process, molecular docking have become an integral part of drug design. Combination of computational platforms and experimental strategies have allowed many successful stories in the discovery of new structure-based or mechanism drugs. Thus as a continuation of our research concerning Lantadenes and their significance, present study has been undertaken to predict binding mode, pharmacokinetic and drug likeness using Vlife MDS Biopredicta and ADMETlab tools. In silico inspired grip docking approach was utilized to estimate binding interactions of all the optimized Lantadenes and their modified ester against nuclear factor-kappa B receptor (PDB ID: 1LE9). In addition, all the compounds were screened for pharmacokinetic profile and drug likeness as an important consideration for the selection of compounds with desirable prosperities using ADMETlab tools. Ligand-receptor analysis revealed Lantadene parent nuclei and their modified analogues as potent inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B receptor based on binding energy (-21.16 to-42.56 kcal/mol), number of interactions and bond length. Furthermore, most of the analogues were found to have good ADMET profiles. Cumulative computational analyses provided the lead Lantadene analogue 10 and can be considered as a potential candidate for detailed mechanistic studies against lung cancer.