In order to ensure the harmonious activity of the institutions engaged in R&D and to reduce the uncertainty of the commercialization of technologies, an advanced tool for verifying decisions on technology development at early stages of commercialization, i.e. an instrument for assessing the commercial potential of technology, is needed. The article is aimed at defining the importance of factors in the commercial potential of technologies with the help of expert research. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been approached: (1) on the basis of the created system for factors in the commercial potential of technologies, to conduct expert research aimed at collecting information on the importance of factors in technologies; (2) to apply the methods of mathematical statistics in order to determine the compatibility level of expert opinions and the significance of factors. The system of factors in the commercial potential of technologies and the identified significance of factors can be used as recommended guidelines for technology developers, investors and potential owners in the decision-making processes of commercialization, investment or purchase of technology as well as at the next stage of research on the development model for assessing the commercial potential of technologies.

This study aims at verifying the validity of cluster efficiency measurement tool. In previous study benchmarking was employed (Tvaronavičienė et al., 2015) IntroductionAccording to Karaev et al (2007), clusters are recognizable as an important instrument for improving SMEs productivity, innovativeness and overall competitiveness through overcoming their size limitations. Although there are many various studies conducted in different countries but a common understanding of the cluster concept has not been generally accepted yet. One of the most prominent authorities in the field is M. Porter (1990), who claims that national clusters are formed by firms and industries linked through vertical (buyer/supplier) and/or horizontal (common customers, technology, etc.) relationships with the main players located in a single nation/state. Later this definition was supplemented by Porter (1998), who added institutions (formal organizations) such as universities. The ability for a country to form an industrial cluster can be related to its international competitive advantage. Reduced input costs of the manufacturers, development of common suppliers, training of professional labor and a technical knowledge spillover effect can be achieved through the formation of clustering (Hsu, 2014). The effectiveness of a cluster is supposed to be increased by facilitating the transmission of knowledge and the development of institutions, which can be achieved through geographical proximity. Another important feature that is stressed by Porter (1998) is encouraging of innovation through enhanced division of labor among companies with physical proximity among numerous competing producers.Questions related to performance of clusters are widely discussed in scientific literature: researchers discuss such aspects as measuring of innovations (Rezk at al. 2015), approaches and methods of cluster analysis (Tvaronavičienė at al. 2015a;2015b), technology transfer processes and driving forces (Tvaronavičienė, Černevičiūtė 2015;Ignatavičius et al.); composition and governance specifics (Branten, Purju 2015;Fuschi, Tvaronavičienė 2016;Bistrova et al. 2014;Lace et al. 2015; Mentelet al. 2016;Raudeliūnienė et al. 2016); participation of start-ups (Laužikas et al. 2015;Tvaronavičienė 2016). Hence, spectrum of questions related to clustering phenomena is wide; efficiency of functioning issues, as it was mentioned above, is still under discussion.This study aims at verifying the validity of cluster efficiency measurement tool. In previous study benchmarking was employed to compare the performance of participating clusters which would enable to improve their results by getting the information about their strengths and weaknesses over other clusters. You can find the "The Cluster Efficiency Study through Benchmarking" in journal Enterpreneurship and Sustainability Issues.The mentioned study was carried out in order to compare the most successful, in a certain extent, clusters in Lithuania. Benchmarking approach was employed as the most precise technique...

The ability to timely and objectively evaluate the expediency of technology commercialising is a crucial step for R&D organisations. It is a game with business success, which could enable to operate technologies efficiently and prevent unproductive investments. Managers in power, involved in the technology commercialization cycle, create rules for the game and are the leading players. The research establishes specifics of different technological fields, which are essential for assessing the expediency of technology commercialization. The scientific literature of technology commercialization didn’t take into account the specifics of different technological fields. The study presents the first two phases of the expediency of commercialization of the information technologies and biotechnologies evaluation models: the development of elements collections and the establishment of the importance of elements. The proposed technique could be expanded to select the most suitable technology for sustainable management of commercialization and the rational use of resources. The results of the expert’s survey aimed at establishing the importance of the elements are compared, efforts are made to identify differences in the evaluation the expediency of technology commercialization for information technologies and biotechnologies. The MCDM method has applied the selection of which was established by the motive related to the goal of evaluation – to evaluate the expediency of technology commercialization for information technologies and biotechnologies.

Abstract. The scientific literature widely considers the new product development (NPD) process. Innovation process influencing NPD process brings for the product an exceptional value which stimulates market demand of these products. However to create a successful new product is not easy. Scholars of management, politicians and economists acknowledge the advantages of new products and market power, but the development of these products is a problematic and long-term process that requires considerable time and financial costs, which often does not receive the return. Scholars state that problems are related to marketing. Based on these research results, the article concentrates on the marketing strategy formulation for a NPD process. The aim of this study is to gather, research and generalize recent scientific literature in order to provide conclusions, related to the marketing strategy formulation for the NPD. Implementing the aim of this study, most of the chaos was caused by fact that NPD process, innovation process and the research commercialization process are interrelated, and problem-solving has particular features in common. In order to clarify the relationship between these processes, a comparison of these processes and definitions was carried out. In analysis of NPD process, the limits of research were set -the process was analysed from the initial product design phase and was completed with the product introduction to the market.Keywords: marketing strategy formulation, innovative product, development process. 2012-06-29; priimta 2012-09-14 Santrauka. Mokslinėje literatūroje plačiai nagrinėjamas naujo produkto kūrimo (NPK) procesas. Inovacinis procesas, darydamas įtaką NPK procesui, suteikia išskirtinę vertę produktui, kuri skatina šių produktų paklausą rinkoje. Tačiau sukurti sėkmingą naują produktą nėra paprasta. Vadybos mokslo atstovai, politikai ir ekonomistai pripažįsta naujų inovatyvių produktų pranašumą ir galią rinkoje, tačiau šių produktų kūrimas -ilgalaikis ir problemiškas procesas, sunaudojantis daug laiko ir finansinių sąnaudų, http://www.btp.vgtu.lt/en kurios dažnai nesulaukia grąžos. Mokslininkai teigia, kad problemos daugiausia susijusios su marketingu. Remiantis šių mokslinių tyrimų rezultatais, straipsnyje buvo susitelkta į mokslinius tyrimus, skirtus marketingui, orientuotam į NPK procesą. Šio tyrimo tikslas -surinkti, išnagrinėti ir apibendrinti naujausią mokslinę literatūrą siekiant pateikti išvadas, susijusias su marketingo strategijos formavimu inovatyviam produktui kurti. Stengiantis įgyvendinti šio darbo tikslą, nemažai painiavos sukėlė faktas, kad NPK procesas yra susipynęs ir su mokslinių tyrimų komercializavimu, ir su inovaciniu procesu, o sprendžiamos problemos turi bendrų požymių. Stengiantis paaiškinti šių procesų tarpusavio santykį, procesai buvo palyginti su sąvokomis. Analizuojant NPK procesą, buvo nustatytos mokslinio tyrimo ribos, apimančios procesą nuo koncepcijos analizės iki produkto išleidimo į rinką. JELReikšminiai žodžiai: marketingo strategijos formavimas, i...

Research background: technology development and its application for human activities — R&D — have been recognized as the basis of economic performance, a source of technological solutions and of high value-added supply both in scientific literature as well as in the strategic documents of the Government and international organizations. In order to ensure the harmonious activity of the institutions engaged in R&D and to reduce the uncertainty of the commercialization of technologies, an advanced tool for verifying decisions on technology development at early stages of commercialization, i.e. an instrument for assessing the commercial potential of technology, is needed. Over the last decade, the analysis of the tools on a global scale led to the unequivocal conclusion — so far developed methodical basis has suffered from lack of maturity for its practical use in business, a need for assessing commercial potential at an early stage of technology commercialization has been ignored, and the assessment of commercial potential has not considered the specificity of high technology. Purpose of the article: This article discusses in detail the preparation and application pro-cesses of the model for assessment the commercial potential of high technologies. Methods: in the model the multiple criteria method is applied the selection of which was determined by the motive related to the goal of assessment — assess the commercial potential of high technologies. Findings & Value added: The essence of scientific novelty embraces the creation of a qualitatively new, original, science-based model for assessing the commercial potential of technologies thus flexibly applying it to assessing different levels of technologies. The original model is based on: the focus on the specificity of high technologies in assessment the commercial potential of technologies; the focus on the early stage of technology commercialization by assessing the commercial potential of technologies; flexibility in the application of the model taking into account the technological level, legal status, opportunity to assess the commercial potential of technologies in different countries and institutions; mathematical calculations based on assessing commercial potential.