The results indicate that about 85% of female population of Chandigarh is susceptible to toxoplasma infection and thus should be specifically educated about prevention of this infection during pregnancy.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pyogenic bacteria. They are notorious for developing prompt resistance to newer antimicrobials. With increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, the treatment options are also becoming limited. Clindamycin is an excellent drug for skin and soft tissue infections, but resistance mediated by the inducible phenotype (iMLS B ) leads to in vivo therapeutic failure even though there may be in vitro susceptibility. The double disk approximation test (D-test) can reliably detect the presence of such isolates. This study was aimed to detect and report the prevalence of the iMLS B phenotype in NEIGRIHMS, a tertiary care center in Northeast India. Methodology: A total of 243 consecutive isolates were subjected to routine identification tests followed by antimicrobial sensitivity testing.Erythromycin-resistant isolates were tested for inducible resistance phenotype by the D-test. Results: Among strains tested, 95 (39%) were erythromycin resistant. Twenty-six (10.7%) isolates were D-test positive (iMLS B phenotype), 41 (16.88%) were constitutively resistant (cMLS B phenotype), and 28 isolates (11.52%) were found to be negative by D-test. The incidence of both inducible and constitutive phenotypes was higher in MRSA isolates compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. Conclusions: This study revealed a moderate prevalence of the inducible clindamycin phenotype in the staphylococcal isolates tested. Clinical microbiology laboratories in areas of high MRSA prevalence should consider performing the D-test routinely. This will help prevent prescription of drug(s) whose therapeutic efficacy is doubtful.

Introduction: Myroides spp. are aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-fermentative Gram-negative rods considered to be low-grade opportunistic pathogens. However, their intrinsic resistance to commonly used antibiotics necessitates prompt identification and evaluation. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of septicaemia caused by Myroides sp. A 36-year-old pregnant female was admitted to the intensive care unit at week 18 of gestation with a diagnosis of hydatidiform mole with acute renal failure and anaemia. Blood culture under aerobic conditions showed growth of round, smooth, convex, yellow-pigmented colonies on blood agar but which failed to grow on MacConkey agar, and the organism was identified as Myroides sp. Susceptibility testing showed that it was susceptible only to piperacillin+tazobactam and, following treatment, the patient recovered. Conclusion: Myroides spp. has, until now, been regarded as an opportunistic pathogen and a rare cause of serious disease in immunocompromised subjects. However, it may cause serious disease, even in immunocompetent hosts, and its intrinsic resistance warrants appropriate testing and timely intervention.

Introduction: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. The mortality directly attributable to BSI has been estimated to be around 16% and 40% in general hospital population and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) population, respectively. The detection rate of these infections increases with the number of blood samples obtained for culture. The newer continuous monitoring automated blood culture systems with enhanced culture media show increased yield and sensitivity. Hence, we aimed at studying the role of single and multiple blood specimens from different sites at the same time in the outcome of automated blood culture system. Materials and Methods and Results: A total of 1054 blood culture sets were analyzed over 1 year, the sensitivity of one, two, and three samples in a set was found to be 85.67%, 96.59%, and 100%, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Similar findings were seen in few more studies, however, among individual organisms in contrast to other studies, the isolation rates of Gram-positive bacteria were less than that of Gram-negative Bacilli with one (or first) sample in a blood culture set. In our study, despite using BacT/ALERT three-dimensional continuous culture monitoring system with FAN plus culture bottles, 15% of positive cultures would have been missed if only a single sample was collected in a blood culture set. Conclusion: The variables like the volume of blood and number of samples collected from different sites still play a major role in the outcome of these automated blood culture systems.

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