Social and academic integration variables have been shown to be relevant for the understanding of university dropout. However, there is less evidence regarding the influence of these variables on dropout intention, as well as the predictive models that explain their relationships. Improvements in this topic become relevant considering that dropout intention stands as a useful measure to anticipate and intervene this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a predictive model for university dropout intention that considers the relationships between social and academic variables during the first university semester of 2020. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional associative-predictive design, with a convenience sampling (n = 711) due to the restrictions of the pandemic period. The results showed a good fit of the proposed hypothetical model that explained 38.7% of dropout intention. Both social support and perceived social isolation predicted the sense of belonging and, through it, engagement. Previous academic performance predicted early academic performance and, through it, engagement. The set of variables predicted the intention to quit through engagement. These results are a contribution both to the understanding of the phenomenon and to guide potential interventions in the early stages of the university experience.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la planificación y uso del tiempo académico asincrónico de estudiantes universitarios de carreras del área de educación, psicología e ingeniería. La muestra (n=73) fueron estudiantes que pertenecen al 15% de los mejores promedios de nota de su grupo en condiciones de pandemia COVID-19. Se utilizó un registro de planificación semanal del estudio que permite obtener información respecto de las variables de: propósito del estudio, actividad de estudio, asignaturas que estudia y uso del tiempo semanal asincrónico. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades de estudio que predominan son: lectura, elaboración de información y organización de información. Se advierte poco tiempo para la preparación del estudio y poca autorregulación en la etapa de disposición al estudio. El promedio de horas de estudio asincrónicas fue de 2,9 horas al día. En conclusión, se sugiere orientar el trabajo de docencia online hacía la inclusión de estrategias de evaluación formativa, planificación y gestión del tiempo.
Academic engagement and the conditions that favor it have become relevant in recent decades due to their relationship with academic performance, well-being, and university permanence. Variables such as perceived social support and sense of belonging are relevant aspects of social integration to promote engagement. Evidence shows both variables predicting engagement. In addition, the available evidence suggests this possible mediating role, which requires further analysis in freshmen in the emergency teaching context due to the COVID-19. The present study aims to evaluate the mediating role of sense of belonging in the relationship between perceived social support and engagement in university students. Results showed significant predictive relationships between social integration variables and engagement and showed the mediating role of sense of belonging in the relation between perceived social support and the three types of engagement. These results suggest the relevance for degree programs to consider these social integration variables as a key element for university freshmen.
El actual contexto de educación virtual de emergencia producto de la pandemia del COVID19 ha traído nuevas condiciones al escenario educativo. En este contexto, esta investigación busca evaluar la capacidad predictiva de las expectativas de compromiso, el apoyo social, la calidad y dominio de los recursos informáticos, las Notas de Enseñanza Media (NEM) y el puntaje obtenido en la Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU) sobre las expectativas de desempeño y la intención de abandono durante el primer semestre académico del año 2020, en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Se realizó un diseño asociativo de tipo predictivo con una medición transversal. Participaron 347 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que el dominio y la calidad percibida de los recursos informáticos, el apoyo social percibido, las NEM y la PSU no son predictores significativos de las expectativas de desempeño y la intención de abandono, a diferencia de las expectativas de compromiso y de desempeño. La PSU, el apoyo social y las expectativas de compromiso fueron predictoras de las expectativas de desempeño académico.
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