Some computational grid applications have very large resource r equirements and need simultaneous access to resources from more than one parallel computer. Current scheduling systems do not provide mechanisms to gain such simultaneous access without the help of human administrators of the computer systems. In this work, we propose and evaluate several algorithms for supporting advanced reservation of resources in supercomputing scheduling systems. These advanced reservations allow users to request resources from scheduling systems at speci c times. We nd that the wait times of applications submitted to the queue increases when reservations are s u p p orted and the increase depends on how reservations are supported. Further, we nd that the best performance is achieved when we assume that applications can be terminated and restarted, back lling is performed, and relatively accurate run-time predictions are u s e d.

On many computers, a request to run a job is not serviced immediately but instead is placed in a queue and serviced only when resources are r eleased b y p r eceding jobs. In this paper, we build on run-time prediction techniques that we developed i n p r evious research to explore two problems. The rst problem is to predict how long applications will wait in a queue until they receive resources. We show that run-time estimates can be used for this and that using our run-time estimates result in more a c curate wait-time predictions than when the run-time prediction techniques of other researches are used. The second problem we investigate is improving scheduling performance. We use run-time predictions to improve the performance of the least work rst and back ll scheduling algorithms. We nd that using our run-time predictor results in lower mean wait times for the workloads with higher o ered l o ads when compared to alternative run-time predictors.

The Soudan 2 detector is used to search for evidence of nucleon decay. Particular emphasis is put on searches for modes with multiple-charged particles in the final st ate, and for modes suggested by super-symmetric theories.Mode

The major groups of enzymes involved in activating and detoxifying therapeutic drugs, not least several anti-cancer drugs, include the cytochromes P450 (P450s), epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The expression of these enzymes in malignant tumours is one possible mechanism of anti-cancer drug resistance. This study has investigated the presence, cellular localization, and distribution of drug-metabolizing enzymes in prostate cancer. The P450 subfamilies CYP1A, CYP2C, and CYP3A were present in 63, 25, and 61 per cent of tumours, respectively. Epoxide hydrolase was identified in 96 per cent of tumours. GST-alpha and GST-mu were expressed in 29 and 41 per cent of tumours, respectively, while there was no immunoreactivity for the pi form of GST. The absence of GST-pi in prostate cancer contrasts with the frequent expression of GST-pi observed in other types of malignant tumour. In non-neoplastic prostatic epithelium, there was expression of CYP1A, CYP2C, epoxide hydrolase, and the different forms of GST, while there was no apparent immunoreactivity for CYP3A.

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