No significant interaction between diabetes mellitus and clinical presentation was noted in this study. The high rates of cardiac events observed in diabetes mellitus patients despite recent advances in interventional techniques outline the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the management of diabetes mellitus patients, including optimization of glycemic control, aggressive medical therapy and more complete coronary revascularization.

Objectives: This study deals with clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) nonresponders patients undergoing Mitraclip procedure.Background: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs in approximately one-third of heart failure (HF) patients. Resynchronization therapy may correct FMR in patients with HF; however, significant FMR persists in 20-25% of CRT patients.Methods: All patients included were previously treated with CRT for at least 6 months and remained classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV despite optimal medical therapy; the echocardiographic assessment showed lack of decrease of the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) of at least 10% and residual moderate-to-severe or severe FMR. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after Mitraclip implantation, and every 6 months thereafter.Results: Thirty patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Before Mitraclip implantation NYHA class was III in 83% and IV in 17% of patients; after CRT no patient experienced an improvement in FMR.There was a significant improvement in NYHA class from baseline to 6 months, which remained sustained at 12 and 24 months. The degree of FMR significantly improved from baseline to 6 months and from 6 to 12 months. There was left ventricle remodeling with significant reduction of LVESV and an increase of left ventricle ejection fraction at 6 and 12 months, while the opposite trend was noted between 12 and 24 months Conclusion: Treatment of moderate to severe FMR in CRT nonresponder is feasible, safe, and reasonably effective in reducing cardiac symptoms.

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