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Integration of teaching is described as the systematic arrangement of knowledge in teaching to combine or unify matters of subject isolated in the academic curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate Vietnamese teachers, principals, and vice-principals in secondary schools' awareness and the implementation of integrated teaching in Natural Science subjects in secondary schools, Hoc Mon District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Participants completed survey questionnaires about the awareness about objectives for fostering quality integrated teaching, the objectives’ importance in integrated teaching, and the implementation of integrated teaching of Natural Science subjects. The results revealed that the integrated teaching in integrated teaching of Natural Science subjects was highly trained and well-implemented by secondary school teachers. The educational curriculum assists students in discovering, investigating comprehensive solutions, and examining various aspects of problems.

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Vehicle routing is a class of combinatorial optimization problems arising in the industry of transportation and logistics. The goal of these problems is to compute an optimal route plan for a set of vehicles for serving transport requests of customers. There are many variants of the vehicle routing problems: routing for delivering goods, routing for demand responsive transport (taxi, school bus, …). Each problem might have different constraints, objectives. In this paper, we introduce a Constraint-Based Local Search (CBLS) framework for general offline and online vehicle routing problems. We extend existing neighborhood structures in the literature by proposing new neighborhoods to facilitate the resolution of different class of vehicle routing problems in a unified platform. A novel feature of the framework is the available APIs for online vehicle routing problems where requests arrive online during the execution of the computed route plan. Experimental results on three vehicle routing problems (the min-max capacitated vehicle routing problem, the multi-vehicle covering tour problem, and the online people-andparcel share-a-ride taxis problem) show the modelling flexibility, genericity, extensibility and efficiency of the proposed framework.

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