In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical pesticides are best suited for use in organic food (agricultural) production, due to their safety to humans and the environment compared to conventional pesticides. Compounds of plant origin can be highly effective, with diverse and multiple mechanisms of action, while having low toxicity towards non-target organisms. However, the large-scale application of these products for pest control is limited by their poor stability and other technological issues. An overview of botanical pesticides is presented in this paper. Trends and challenges in the research and application of botanical pesticides in Vietnam are also discussed.

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Narrow spectrum series from N-40 to N-120 were established according to ISO 4037:2019. This study was made through experimental measurements and the software modeling toolkit SpekPy v2.0. Experiments were performed to determine Inherent filtration (0.332 & 0.492 mm Al at 100 cm & 250 cm, respectively). The maximum deviation compared to ISO 4037:2019 of the measured HVLs values are not more then 0.10 mm Al and for modeling not exceed 0.09 mm Al; h range 0.91 to 0.97 for experimently and 0.89 to 0.96 for modeling (0.88 - 1, ISO 4037-1:2019). The maximum contribution of scattering is value 4.0% (< 5%, ISO 4037-1:2019). Radiation field uniformity of N-40 to N-120 should list all categories in detail 12.5, 11.0, 10.0, 9.0, 8.5 cm at 100 cm distance; and 35.5, 31.5, 29.0, 26.5, 24.5 cm at 250 cm beam center axis distance. On the basis of ISO 4037:2019, air kerma values at 100 cm and 250 cm have also been determined with uncertainties 3.85% to 5.18% for experimently and 3.41% to 4.19% for modeling (not exceed 10%, ISO 4037:2019). Therefore, the X-ray radiation field has been well established in compliance with the ISO 4037:2019, it can be used for calibrating survey meters and personal dosimeters.