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BACKGROUNDFebrile Seizure (FS) is the most common type of childhood seizure, which occurs in 2-5% of neurologically-healthy children between 6 months to 5 years. The exact cause for febrile convulsion is not known, but genetic and environmental factors have influence on its occurrence. Iron deficiency is postulated as a risk factor for febrile seizures in children and it is an easily correctable condition. We therefore studied the association between iron deficiencies in simple febrile seizures. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis case-control study was done in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital and medical college. Ethical clearance was obtained for the study from the institutional ethical committee. RESULTSHb, Red Cell Width (RDW) and serum ferritin are significantly among cases and controls. Analysis shows there were 9 cases of recurrent febrile seizures among all cases of seizures. Among these, 2 were having onset earlier than 12 months while remaining 7 had onset between 12-18 months. CONCLUSIONWe report iron deficiency as a modifiable risk factor for febrile seizures in Indian children of age group 6 months to 5 years. Early detection and timely correction of iron deficiency maybe helpful for prevention of simple febrile seizures in children of this age group. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Potdar S, Junagade S, Panot J, et al. Case-control study of iron deficiency anaemia in febrile seizures.

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BACKGROUNDFamilial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a monogenetic autosomal codominant disorder caused by mutation affecting the LDL receptors. It is characterised by elevated LDL cholesterol, xanthomas and early Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) is of a rare occurrence. Management of HoFH patients requires lifestyle modifications and medical therapy. Untreated homozygous patients rarely survive to adulthood. We report an 8 years old male child who presented with multiple xanthomas over skin since 9 months and had deranged lipid profile consistent with Homozygous FH. On further evaluation, whole family had deranged lipid profile fulfilling criteria of familial hypercholesterolaemia. KEYWORDS

BACKGROUNDPrevalence of dengue has been steadily increasing over last few years in South East Asia including India. Increased number of epidemics has been reported in last few years (WHO 2008). Usually dengue viral infection is self-limiting but complications may cause high morbidity and mortality. Case fatality rate has been reported around 1 percent. Objectives-1. To assess the clinical profile of dengue infection in children less than 12 years. 2. To study the epidemiology and evaluate the outcome of dengue fever. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective-descriptive design was adopted. Indoor record papers of patients admitted with confirmed dengue cases in paediatric ward from October 2016 to September 2017 were studied. Dengue NS1 antigen, dengue IgM and IgG were taken as confirmation of dengue infection. RESULTSOut of 117 cases, 78 were male and 39 were female. Maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 4-12 years. In our study as per WHO classification, we have categorised 43 children with dengue without warning signs, 59 dengue with warning signs and 15 severe dengue. Fever was seen in 100% cases. Among children with warning signs, predominant features noted were puffiness of face (38%), abdominal distention (30%), abdominal pain (27%), and headache (26%). Hepatomegaly was seen in 50.42%. In severe dengue category, 6 (40%) had bleeding, 4 (26.66%) had CNS involvement, 4 (26.66%) had bilateral pleural effusion and 1 (6.66%) had intractable shock. Laboratory parameters seen were, raised haematocrit (64.95%), leucopenia (47.86%) and thrombocytopenia (69.23%). Blood transfusion was given in 2 patients and platelet transfusion was given in 2 patients. 1 (0.85%) patient died. CONCLUSIONDengue is commonly seen in children in the age group of 4-12 years. Signs of plasma leak are reliable indicators of the severity of disease. Laboratory parameters like leucopenia, raised haematocrit and thrombocytopenia along with raised SGOT were strongly associated with risk of developing complications. Early institution of fluid therapy according to WHO guidelines, results in favourable outcome.