Lead being a toxic cumulative poison and an environmental pollutant, experiments were conducted at an oral chronic dose of (60 mg/kg/day) for 90 days on adult female rats (Rattus Norvegicus) and its effect on the reproductive functions in relation to the biochemical effects was studied. It was observed that the chronic dose of lead caused an elevation in the level of proteins, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in all the soft tissues studied indicating tissue damage. It also inhibited the level of acetylcholinesterase in all the tissues. Fertility tests by pairing treated females with males showed that lead-treated female showed irregular estrous cycle and the fertility rate dropped to 40% as female pups of lead-treated mothers showed loss in weight, high mortality rate, poor growth rate, and late vaginal opening. Histological studies of ovary showed atresia in all the stages of folliculogenesis sustaining the poor fertility observations. The present study revealed that lead caused great tissue damage and affected reproductive performance of female rats at a chronic dose.

Apparent molar volumes, V2, ? of  glycine, DL-?-alanine, DL-?-amino-n-butyric  acid, L-valine and L-leucine in water and in (0.25,  0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mol?kg-1 aqueous  potassium nitrate solutions have been  determined at T= 298.15 K from density  measurements. The standard partial molar  volumes at infinite dilution, V20 obtained from  V2, ? , have been used to calculate the  corresponding volumes of transfer, ?tV0 from  water to aqueous potassium nitrate solutions. The hydration number, nH, side chain  contributions and volumetric interaction  coefficients of these amino acids have also been  calculated. The ?tV0 values for the studied amino  acids are positive, and these values increase with  an increase in the concentration of NaNO3 .

Apparent molar volumes, V2, ? of glycine, DL-?-alanine, DL-?-amino-n-butyric acid, L-valine and L-leucine in water and in (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) mol?kg-1 aqueous potassium nitrate solutions have been determined at T= 298.15 K from density measurements. The standard partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V20 obtained from V2, ? , have been used to calculate the  corresponding volumes of transfer, ?tV0 from water to aqueous potassium nitrate solutions. The hydration number, nH, side chain contributions and volumetric interaction coefficients of these amino acids have also been calculated. The ?tV0 values for the studied amino acids are positive, and these values increase with an increase in the concentration

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