The conservation of natural resources within rural properties is a constitutional obligation. Among the social function criteria required for the exploitation of rural properties, besides the rational use and respect of working conditions, there is a need to ensure environmental protection. The current guidelines regarding the exploration and the environmental adequacy of the rural property are in the Native Vegetation Protection Law (NVPL-Law no. 12,651/2012) also known as Forest Code of 2012. This study aims to analyze different aspects of the Brazilian forestry legislation, with emphasis on the main points of the new legislation regarding the use and conservation of rural properties, highlighting the Rural Environmental Registry replacing the old model of Legal Reserve Registration. It is an update of the article "Ambient protection areas inside rural properties: the APP and RL case" published by Floram in 2011.
ResumoApós a sanção do Novo Código Florestal (CF), Lei nº 12.651/2012, um dos maiores desafios, ainda a ser implementado, consiste em sanar conflitos de usos das propriedades rurais para regularizá-las e mantêlas sustentáveis. Estudos que apresentem diagnósticos sobre intervenções antrópicas, em desacordo com a legislação, tornam-se de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e corretivas. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente estudo mapear, quantificar e caracterizar as áreas localizadas na Sub-bacia GD2 Vertentes do Rio Grande, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, a fim de avaliar o cumprimento da legislação vigente e indicar quais áreas devem ser recompostas ou compensadas, como meio de auxiliar o poder público quando da adoção de medidas mitigadoras e conservacionistas. Utilizou-se a divisão da região de análise em ottobacias com o intuito de criar áreas básicas para analisar, individualmente, o atendimento ao Código Florestal. Foram mapeadas 5 classes de ocupação do solo: Vegetação Nativa (20,75%), Reflorestamentos (4,29%), Massa d'água (0,4%), Área Urbana (1,35%) e Área Antropogênica (73,19%). Os resultados apontaram que a área estudada encontra-se em acordo com a legislação, visto que existe vegetação nativa suficiente para compensação de Reserva Legal de todos os imóveis. No entanto, apenas 36,15% dos 30 metros de Área de Preservação Permanente de cursos d'água estão cobertos com vegetação nativa, demonstrando que existem áreas passíveis de regularização pelo Programa de Regularização Ambiental, que poderão compor ainda mais o superavit de vegetação dentro da sub-bacia. A análise das 22 ottobacias mostrou as regiões que contribuem com o total de vegetação nativa da sub-bacia, indicando as áreas prioritárias para recuperação e as áreas com maior potencial para o incentivo da aplicação de Cotas de Reservas Ambientais. De forma geral, esta proposta contribuirá para amenizar os impactos gerados pela Lei 12.651/12 quanto à redução das áreas protegidas. AbstractFollowing the enactment of the New Forest Code (CF), Law no. 12.651/2012, one of the greatest challenges, still to be implemented, is to address conflicts of use of rural properties in order to regularize and maintain them. Studies that present diagnoses on anthropic interventions, in disagreement with legislation, are of paramount importance for the development of preventive and corrective actions. Thus, the objective of this study was to map, quantify and characterize the areas located in the Sub Basin GD2 'Vertentes of Rio Grande', in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to evaluate the compliance with the current legislation and indicate which areas should be recomposed or compensated, as a means to assist the public power when adopting mitigating and conservationist measures. The division of the analysis region into ottobacias was used to create basic areas to individually analyze the compliance with the Forest Code. Five classes of soil occupation were mapped: Native Vegetation (20.75%), Reforestation (4.29%), Water mass (0.4%...
RESUMOEste trabalho caracterizou o tipo de mercado, tamanho e segmento de atuação das empresas detentoras do selo Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 100% no Brasil e avaliou a percepção dos gestores dessas empresas sobre os benefícios advindos da certificação florestal. Tal estudo se justifica pelo caráter voluntário do programa que propõe a garantia de que uma floresta é manejada de forma a contemplar os aspectos econômicos e socioambientais. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os gestores de povoamentos florestais com certificados de manejo florestal de todas as empresas disponíveis na plataforma do FSC, com FSC 100% certificada, durante três semanas, para avaliar a percepção dos mesmos sobre o programa. Os resultados foram tabulados, agrupados de acordo com o tipo de mercado, tamanho e segmento de atuação, para em seguida serem submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Das 110 empresas disponíveis na plataforma do FSC, 92 (84%) manifestaram resposta. Foram encontradas evidências de que o programa FSC traz benefícios para o setor privado, como acesso a mercados internacionais, melhoria no treinamento dos funcionários, impacto positivo na imagem da empresa, entre outros. Contudo, ainda não se recebe o pagamento de preços premium, a maioria das comunidades locais se mostra indiferente aos produtores com certificados, e grande parte dos consumidores brasileiros não reconhece o selo FSC. Conclui-se que existem benefícios para as empresas certificadas, mas que os alcances pretendidos na sua instituição não são totalmente atingidos. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para estudar os efeitos de alternativas que permitam ao programa atingir todo seu potencial positivo, sendo propostas como alternativas a maior educação ambiental e publicidade da marca FSC.
Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law (Law n. 12.651/2012) brought flexibility related to the sizing of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) along watercourses when there was anthropogenic occupation before July 22, 2008 (consolidated rural area), which may vary according to the size of the property. To better understand the effects of this law, we analyzed land use and land occupation in PPAs along watercourses in a portion of Grande River drainage basin. Scenarios were also developed to compare the effects of the reduction of PPA limits, allowing us to discuss measures to avoid water quality deterioration. We obtained the drainage network and individualized the study area through images available in Google Earth TM, and we extracted information about land use and land occupation from a vector provided by the Laboratory of Studies and Projects in Forest Management from Federal University of Lavras. Recovery scenarios were estimated according to Article n. 61-A from the Native Vegetation Protection Law. There was a significant reduction of environmental liability compared to previous legislation. In the more restrictive scenario, there may be a 31% deficit in recovery areas, where watersheds with a strong presence of small rural properties will be the most affected. Although the reduction of recovery areas is characterized as a retrogression in the protection of native vegetation, complementary strategies could be implemented, such as economic incentive mechanisms.
The knowledge of the production and marketing chains of pinhão is centered in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest region, in southern Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the pinhão production and marketing chains in a region of ecological tension (Seasonal Semideciduous Forest) and verify the pinhão trade effectiveness as a tool for araucaria conservation. This research was based on a statistical survey on pinhão extraction and trade, made available by governmental institutions. To identify establishments operating in the trade of pinhão in Minas Gerais (Brazil), structured interviews and a literature review of the legislation associated with the trade of forest products were conducted, establishing the relationship between the trade and conservation of araucaria. The results showed that Minas Gerais is the third-largest national producer of pinhão, accounting for 13.9% of production, and receiving the lowest remuneration for the extracted product. There is a predominance of a short marketing chain, in which producers or retailers negotiate with the consumer, resulting in greater profits for those involved in this process, who benefit from the lack of specific regulations and inspections in the extraction and trade of pinhão, leading to a predatory activity, which does not contribute to the preservation of araucaria. However, the use of appropriate instruments may make feasible the conservation of this species, combining its potential for use in forest restoration projects with the income from the commercialization of its seeds, thus developing an effective tool for the conservation of araucaria in rural properties in Minas Gerais.
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