In Colombia, undifferentiated tropical febrile illness (UTFI) are frequent and of considerable concern. They also share many clinical features. Between 2012 and 2013 in an endemic tropical area of Cordoba, Colombia, we conducted a prospective study to establish an etiological diagnosis of UTFI. Using diagnostic tests for dengue, leptospirosis, hantavirus, malaria, rickettsia, brucellosis, hepatitis A and B on 100 patients recruited for the study. We identified 69 patients with presumed UTFI: leptospirosis (n=27), dengue (n=26), hantavirus infection (n=4), malaria (n=4), rickettsial infection (n=2), hepatitis A (n=1), and brucellosis (n=1); no hepatitis B cases were detected. Co-infections with malaria and leptospirosis (n=1), hepatitis A and dengue (n=1), hantavirus and dengue (n=1), hantavirus, dengue, and leptospirosis (n=1) were also identified. No etiologic agent was identified for 31 patients. We conclude that other etiologic agents besides dengue virus deserve greater attention by physicians and public health authorities in tropical area of Colombia.

Objective To describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiological status in 28 confirmed cases of human leptospirosis at the main public hospital of Cordoba. Methods Between 2012 and 2013, we conducted an active surveillance at the main hospital of Cordoba to establish the etiologic diagnosis of the undifferentiated tropical febrile illness (UTFI) cases. UTFI is defined as a fever without an infection focus in the initial physical examination or in basic laboratory tests. Patients in acute phase were accompanied by prodromal symptoms, including myalgia, arthralgia, headache, asthenia, chills, icterus, dyspnea, abdominal pain, rash, and nausea. Samples were collected on admission and at discharge. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected for each patient. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed. Results The 28 leptospirosis cases presented the following gender distribution: male (n=24) and female (n=4). The duration of hospitalization was 10.39 days. The main symptoms and clinical manifestations were fever, headache and nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, all of which occurred in up to 60% of patients. Of the 28 cases studied, 4 were fatal. The most frequent infecting serogroups were Ballum and Canicola. Conclusion Leptospirosis is a common cause of undifferentiated tropical febrile illness in Colombia; it is important to establish ongoing and accurate surveillance for acute febrile illness to facilitate the detection of cases of leptospirosis.

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral pandemic disease. In the last 6 months, SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of reported cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. As other world regions, South America has not contained the pandemic’s advance since it lacks the hospital and economic capacities. Public health implications of transmission, while the asymptomatic/presymptomatic infection is a critical concern at the current pandemic. Objective Describe the socio-demographic, clinical, and viral features of a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from the Colombian Caribbean. Methods Six hundred eighty-six clinical samples of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and contacts individuals from several hospital centers in the department of Córdoba, Colombia, were received at our laboratory between April 9th and May 16th, 2020. RNA was extracted using lysis buffers and spin columns. The samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 3 target genes of SARS-CoV-2 (Allplex™, 2019-nCoV assay, Korea). Viral copies quantification was done using a standard curve constructed from seriated dilutions of a SARS-CoV-2 positive control. Statics descriptive methods were used. Results Thirty-five nasopharyngeal samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the average age was 43 (range, 1–95 years). Seventeen of 35 (49%) of the patients showed symptoms. Most of them had a cough, fever, and odynophagia; three of the patients reported having arthralgia. Only two patients required hospitalization. None of the patients had known co-morbidities. RT-qPCR results show that two of the symptomatic patients had significantly higher RNA copies than the rest. Eighteen of 35 (51%) individuals were asymptomatic, and the average age was 30 (range, 6–61 years). Four asymptomatic individuals showed a higher copy than some symptomatic patients; nonetheless, the average of RNA copies 8.26 × 1010 was lower than the symptomatic. Conclusions This study shows that asymptomatic patients may develop infections with a high number of RNA copies. Since a considerable percentage of infections may be asymptomatic/presymptomatic, enhanced testing approaches may be needed to detect these persons. Due the occurrence of a large proportion of infections being a result from transmission originated in asymptomatic/presymptomatic individuals, public health interventions in Colombia should be based on two steps: a massive molecular screening, and viral load quantification. Finally, a remarkable issue in our study is the average age of symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (43 and 30 respectively) which may be important because of the economic impact that has been caused by the coronavirus pandemic and may be probably the cause of the reduced lethality observed in the country and the department at the time of this study.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de Brucella abortus en búfalos de agua domésticos (Bubalus bubalis), pertenecientes a tres explotaciones bufaleras, del municipio de Lorica, en el departamento de Córdoba. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó 133 búfalos, de las cuales, 123 fueron hembras y diez, machos, de la raza Murrah y con edades entre los 12 y 96 meses. Las técnicas empleadas para el diagnóstico serológico fueron la técnica de aglutinación rápida en placa Rosa de Bengala y la técnica de ELISA Competitiva, como prueba confirmatoria. Este es el primer estudio efectuado en este municipio, que permitió estimar una seroprevalencia a B. abortus del 12% (16/133), por la prueba de Rosa de Bengala; estos reactores seropositivos fueron confirmados mediante la prueba de ELISA competitiva, siendo la seroprevalencia del 3% (4/16). Estas cifras de prevalencia, aunque son bajas, demuestran que existe la necesidad de mantener una vigilancia activa de casos, como una medida de control de la brucelosis en esta especie susceptible y que se han convertido en una población importante en la ganadería de esta región del país.

RESUMENObjetivo Establecer las características epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de las meningitis agudas del departamento de Córdoba. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de vigilancia epidemiológica en el Hospital San Jerónimo de Montería. Se tomaron todos los casos de meningitis, presentados (junio 2002 -junio 2004), las pruebas de laboratorio incluyeron: citoquímico, prueba de látex, tinción de Gram y cultivo. Resultados Se analizaron 503 muestras de liquido cefalorraquídeo, confirmados por cultivo 57 (11,3 %) casos y 85 (16,8 %) casos probables. Se presentaron 63 aislamientos distribuidos así: 17 bacilos Gram negativos no fermentadores (26,9 %), 16 Streptococcus pneumoniae (25,4 %), 7 Enterobacterias (1 %), 5 Criptococcus neoformans (8 %), 4 Neisseria meningitidis serotipo B (6,3 %), 3 S. viridans (4,8 %), 2 Streptococcus grupo B (3,2 %), 2 Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (3,2 %), 2 S. aureus (3,2 %), 2 Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (3,2 %), 2 Enterococcus (3,2 %) y 1 Candida albicans (1,6 %). Los serotipos de S. Pneumoniae fueron: 5 (n=4), 23F (n=3), 14 (n=2), 18C (n=2), 18A (n=1), 17F (n=1), 1 (n=1). Conclusión El estudio permitió determinar los aspectos epidemiológicos y microbiológicos hasta ahora desconocidos de las meningitis agudas en el departamento de Córdoba. Streptococcus pneumoniae (25,4%) fue el principal agente causal de meningitis, los aspectos epidemiológicos establecidos confirman la necesidad de fortalecer e implantar medidas para el control y vigilancia de las meningitis en Córdoba. Results 57 (11,3 %) and 85 (16,8 %) of the 503 samples of cerebrum spinal fluid (CSF) were confirmed by culture as being probable cases. There were 6 cases of polymicrobial infection, making a total of 63 isolates: 17 non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (26,9 %), 16 Streptococcus pneumoniae (25,4 %), 7 Enterobacteriaceae (11 %), 5 Criptococcus neoformans (8 %) 4 Neisseria meningitidis serotype B (6,3 %), 3 S. viridans (4,8 %), 2 Streptococcus group B (3,2 %), 2 Haemophilus influenzae type B (3,2 %), 2 Staphylococcus negative coagulase (3,2 %), 2 S. aureus (3,2 %), 2 Enterococcus (3,2 %) and 1 Candida albicans (1,6 %). The S. Pneumoniae serotypes found were: 5 (n=4), 23F (n=3), 14 (n=2), 18C (n=2), 18A (n=1), 17F (n=1), 1 (n=1). Conclusions The study led to determining epidemiological and microbiological aspects of acute meningitis in the Córdoba department which had been unknown up to now. Streptococcus pneumoniae (25,4 %) was the main aetiological agent of meningitis; the epidemiologic aspects so established confirmed the need for strengthening and implementing measures for controlling meningitis in Córdoba and its surveillance there.