In fact, as I want to argue, the essential character of peasantry actually, derives from its being a class of survivors. * Quiero agradecer a MarieUe Martínez y Orlandina de Oliveira que parientemente discutieron la primera versión de este trabajo e hicieron valiosas sugerencias.
The paper examines recent transformations in Latin American families, emphasizing commonalities between different countries. Such changes are embedded in cultural and historical processes of change that provide the broad interpretational context within which to view the observed microsocial transformations in familial relations. These changes have affected household composition as well as the existing array of family types. The main transformations observed are illustrated by drawing from a selective set of work. We argue that changes in family life and the foundational relations in the family are in need of reconceptualization capable of capturing the new dimensions that have emerged, and reexamining the main theoretical and analytical schemes underlying the sociology of the family of the past decades. Among emerging approaches, we argue that the feminist view that adopts a critical and reflexive stance on past family research opens new vistas, as it seeks to study the family not merely as an institution, but as a nexus of organized social relations of a different order, including solidarity and conflict, power and authority, and rights and obligations. An important contribution of the feminist approach is to study relational asymmetries (between gender or generations) inherent in the unfolding of family life.
Este trabajo tiene como propósito esbozar un conjunto de ejes analíticos, acotados a estructuras y procesos sociales relevantes, para explorar la manera en que ciertos contextos sociales influyen en los comportamientos sexuales y reproductivos, así como en las acciones institucionales y en las prácticas de grupos y personas. Este esfuerzo está dirigido a conformar una propuesta teórico-analítica de utilidad para los programas de investigación en marcha sobre salud reproductiva, tratando de evidenciar la indispensabilidad del enfoque de las ciencias sociales. Sostenemos que este tipo de aproximaciones está en posibilidades de realizar valiosas contribuciones en el campo emergente de la salud reproductiva, como son las de adquirir una comprensión más integrada y cabal de los procesos de salud-enfermedad, de sus determinantes y consecuencias; organizar y ubicar en un contexto más abarcador los resultados de la investigación social, biomédica y de salud pública; ayudar a definir prioridades en materia de políticas públicas y orientar la agenda futura de la investigación en esta materia.
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