We present a two-stage, geometry-aware approach for matching SIFT-like features in a fast and reliable manner. Our approach first uses a small sample of features to estimate the epipolar geometry between the images and leverages it for guided matching of the remaining features. This simple and generalized two-stage matching approach produces denser feature correspondences while allowing us to formulate an accelerated search strategy to gain significant speedup over the traditional matching. The traditional matching punitively rejects many true feature matches due to a global ratio test. The adverse effect of this is particularly visible when matching image pairs with repetitive structures. The geometry-aware approach prevents such preemptive rejection using a selective ratio-test and works effectively even on scenes with repetitive structures. We also show that the proposed algorithm is easy to parallelize and implement it on the GPU. We experimentally validate our algorithm on publicly available datasets and compare the results with state-of-the-art methods.

Macrophage polarization is a steering factor of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Synovial fluid (SF) obtained from OA patients with different Kellgren–Lawrence grades (KL grades) holds several proinflammatory factors and was hypothesized to induce macrophage differentiation and polarization by providing the needed microenvironment. U937 cells and peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cell-derived monocytes (PBMC-derived CD14+ cells) were induced with SFs of progressive KL grades for 48 h, and the status of the differentiated cells was evaluated by cell surface markers representing M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes. Functional viability assessment of the differentiated cells was performed by cytokine estimation. The fraction of macrophages and their phenotypes were estimated by immunophenotyping of SF-isolated cells of different KL grades. A grade-wise proteome analysis of SFs was performed in search of the factors which are influential in macrophage differentiation and polarization. In the assay on U937 cells, induction with SF of KL grade III and IV showed a significant increase in M1 type (CD86+). The percentage of M2 phenotype (CD163+) was significantly higher after the induction with SF of KL grade II. A Significantly higher M1/M2 ratio was estimated in the cells induced with KL grade III and IV. The cell differentiation pattern in the assay on PBMC-derived CD14+ cells showed a grade-wise decline in both M1 (CD11C+, CD86+) and M2 phenotype (CD163+). Cytokine estimation specific to M1 (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ) and M2 (IL-4 and IL-10) macrophages corelated with the differentiation pattern in the U937 cell assay, while it did not reveal any significant changes in the PBMC-derived CD14+ cells assay. SF cells’ immunophenotyping showed the highest percentage of CD14+ macrophages in KL grade II; CD86+ and CD163+ cells were minimal in all KL grades’ SFs. The proteome analysis revealed significantly expressed MIF, CAPG/MCP, osteopontin, and RAS-related RAB proteins in KL grade III and IV samples, which are linked with macrophages’ movement, polarization, and migration-behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SF in OA joints acts as a niche and facilitates M1 phenotype polarization by providing a proinflammatory microenvironment.

Background: Indented to develop novel (E)-Benzylidene-indazolpyridin methanones (Cpd-1-10) as effective anti-inflammatory agents, a molecular-based therapeutic investigation executed in order to measure the druggability possibilities of these compounds. Objectives: To determine pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukin levels in J77A.1 macrophages, the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels measured by ELISA method. Method: Their cytotoxicity effect against breast cancer cell lines found excellent and an extended anticancer study ensured that these compounds are also alternative therapeutic agents against breast cancer. In fact, COX-2 seems to be associated with cancers and atypical developments in the duodenal tract. A competitive ELISA based COX-2 inhibition assay was done. To validate the inhibitory potentials and to get more insight into the interaction of COX-2 with Cpd1-10, molecular docking was performed. Results: Briefly, the COX-2 inhibitory relative activity was found to be in between the range of 80-92 % (Diclofenac showed 84 %, IC50 0.95 µM). Conclusion: Among all the tested cancer cell lines, the anti-cancer effect on breast cancer was exceptional for the most active compounds Cpd5 and Cpd9.

BackgroundAlarming global increase in osteoarthritis (OA), coupled with off target existing palliative care poses nutraceuticals an extremely attractive alternative in this respect. Beyond meeting the basic nutritional demands, nutrition is thought to play a beneficial role in the management of chronic diseases. Interestingly, the off target effects of nutriceuticals are beneficial in reducing co-morbidities. Skewed ratio of ω-6: ω-3 fatty acids (FAs) in modern diets has been shown associated with increased number of inflammatory diseases including bone and cartilage metabolism. Considering this, due to their disease modifying actions, ω-3 FAs are thought to serve better in OA management.ObjectivesWe here investigated the effect of different ω-6: ω-3 ratios on synovitis, a prominent OA pathology. The selected ratios are generally found in global diet.MethodsSelected ω-6FAs - arachidonic acid (AA), eicosadienoic acid (EDA), linolic acid (LA) and dihomo gamma linoleic acid (DGLA) along with selected ω-3 FAs docosapentaenoic acid 5 (DPA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were tested on induced SW-982 cells, in common dietary ratios of 16:1, 8:1, 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 for their effect on synovial inflammation. For induction, 50ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was used for 72 hrs and the PUFAs were added in the culture media in the selected ratios (concentration of each PUFA - 50μM). Finally, isolated cDNA was used to run quantitative RT-PCR for superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-15 (IL-15), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).ResultsAll the ratios LA:ALA of caused a remarkable reduction in MMP-1(P<0.001). Marginal reduction in VEGF was noted with1:1, 4:1 and 8:1 ratios (P<0.005); 8:1 and 16:1 showed a significant increase (P<0.001). SOD did not show any particular trend but noteworthy increase was observed with 2:1, 8:1 and 16:1 ratios (P<0.001) while reduction with 1:1 and 4:1 ratios (P<0.001). IL-15 remained low for 1:1, 2:1and 4:1 while a marked up-regulation was noted for 8:1 and 16:1 ratios (P<0.001). In case of EDA:DPA, a consistent down-regulation of MMP-1was found with all the ratios excluding 4:1. The selected ratios were efficient against VEGF (P<0.001). A consistent high SOD was revealed by all the ratios of EDA:DPA, which remained comparable to control. Marginal reduction in IL-15 was noted with 1:1, 8:1 and 16:1 (P<0.05). Lastly, a significant MMP-1 reduction was caused by all the ratios of DGLA:DPA, except 2:1. Excluding 2:1, all the ratios were efficient against VEGF (P<0.001). Increased levels of SOD remained comparable with TNF-α for 1:1 and 4:1; a trivial drop was noted with 2:1 and 8:1, followed by a noticeable reduction with 16:1. IL-15 showed a down-regulation with 1:1, 4:1, 8:1 ratios of DGLA: DPA.ConclusionConsequence of synovial inflammation in typical and atypical forms results in cartilage-loss, osteophytes and pain. FA ratios when used in equivalent, was found highly effective against IL 15, MMP1 and VEGF, whereas inflammation increases with increas...

Now a day's environment is not containing fresh air as it was present in past or we can say ancient time was far-far better than the current because population and pollution was not big challenge in our country and in world too. Due to presence various pollutant in environment it is tough to live healthy life. Various diseases are evolved in current days due these extensive polluted environment. The impact of this factor is in resultant of less organic food, infected foods and more. Diabetes is a continual condition affecting on average about 9% of the population, mostly type II with about. 4% diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus. The condition poses multiple challenges to patients who fight back daily with the burden of monitoring, care, restrictive routine and the stress inherent to the health and life threatening nature of the condition. While there is proof in the existing literature supporting the pivotal role of emotions and emotion regulation in diabetic management, the evidence lacks in organization and conceptualization. The relatively new perception of emotional intelligence holds promise of providing an organizing framework for our perceptive of the ways in which emotions are involved in determining diabetic management outcomes.