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In order to ensure the development of the national economy, it is necessary to expand foreign economic ties and increase the volume of trade in foreign economic activity. The solution to this problem will be facilitated by the “New Silk Road” mega-program implemented by China, which, as a result of the implementation of the “One Road – One Belt” project, should contribute to the deepening of economic and cultural ties between the countries of this belt. The formation of international transport corridors “North-South” and “South-West” will allow different countries to participate in this mega-program enabling to organize cargo flows of goods from China, India, the countries of Southeast Asia to Russia, the Baltic countries and the European Union more effectively. This study is devoted to the formation, analysis and comparative assessment of the effectiveness of alternative routes “North-South” and “South-West”.