América Latina y el Caribe: países dependientes de la exportación de un bien primario, 2004 (Porcentajes de las exportaciones totales del país respectivo) Producto primario Más de 50% de las exportaciones totales Entre 20 y 49% de las exportaciones totales Entre 10 y 19% de las exportaciones totales Bienes energéticos Petróleo crudo y sus derivados Venezuela (Rep. Bol. de) (81,5) Ecuador (53,2

This paper analyzes the relation between night lights and poverty rates in Chile using information derived from the US Earth Observations Group through the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Day/Night Band. Official poverty data are modeled at the municipality level with a fractional multinomial logit model. Indicators of night lights are applied to the estimated model to predict poverty and extreme‐poverty rates of municipalities for which official data are not available, and estimates are aggregated at provincial, regional, and national levels using population data. Results are consistent with official estimates published for the year 2015 and can be effectively used for policy purposes to derive maps of poverty indices with a definition of 500 m2.

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Al though in Latin America public debt-to-GDP ratios continue to be generally lower than in other emerging countries, it has nevertheless not been possible to avoid liquidity problems, which some authors attribute to the low level and high volatility of public revenue, the weakness of domestic financial systems, and the mediocre quality of fiscal institutions. This article also emphasizes some exogenous factors, however. The combination of low economic growth rates and devaluations in a context of dollarized liabilities has given rise to a huge "snowball effect", which is what has come to be called "original sin": the impossibility for an emerging country of borrowing abroad in its own currency. Although the effort to control the dynamics of the public debt will continue to be mainly at the internal level, the medium-term sustainability of that debt will depend on actions by international financial institutions aimed at improving the public debt conditions of emerging countries.

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