Although inguinal hernias are common, inguinal herniation of the urinary bladder wall is rare. Moreover, the complete migration of the urinary bladder into the scrotum is considered less frequent. The majority of patients with bladder hernias are asymptomatic and diagnosis is made intraoperatively; however, difficulties in urination may lead to the correct diagnosis. We report about a case of a large right-sided scrotal hernia with complete bladder herniation presenting without urological symptoms.

Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a post-transcriptional regulator that belongs to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision Drosophila-like family (ELAV). HuR regulates the stability, translation, subcellular localization, and degradation of several target mRNAs, which are implicated in carcinogenesis and could affect therapeutic options. HuR protein is consistently highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to the adjacent normal liver tissue and is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of various genes implicated in liver malignant transformation. Additionally, HuR protein seems to be a putative prognosticator in HCC, predicting worse survival. This review summarizes the recent evidence regarding the role of HuR in primary liver tumors, as presented in clinical studies, in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models. In conclusion, our review supports the consistent role of HuR protein in the development, prognosis, and treatment of HCC. Additional studies are expected to expand current information and exploit its putative employment as a future candidate for more personalized treatment in these tumors.

Femoral hernias constitute 2–4% of all groin hernia repairs. Herniation of the vermiform appendix into the femoral hernia sac is rare. The majority of patients with appendix hernias are asymptomatic and diagnosis is made intraoperatively. We report about a case of a female patient presenting with an irreducible right-sided femoral hernia without symptoms.