BackgroundHypoglycemic and/or anti-hyperglycemic activities have been recorded with numerous plants, many of which are used as traditional herbal treatments of diabetes. Albizzia Lebbeck Benth. stem bark have been used in traditional medicine along with some preliminary reports on its hypoglycemic action. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of stem bark of Albizzia Lebbeck Benth. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.MethodsThe powdered stem bark of Albizzia Lebbeck Benth.. was extracted with methanol (MeOH) using soxhlation method and subjected to phytochemical analysis. The methanol/dichloromethane extract of Albizzia Lebbeck Benth. (ALEx) was concentrated to dryness using Rotary Evaporator. Diabetes was experimentally induced in the rats by single intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). They glycemic control was measured by the blood glucose, glycated heamoglobin and plasma insulin. The oxidative stress was evaluated in the liver and kidney by level of antioxidant markers and various biochemical parameters were assessed in diabetic control and extract treated rats.ResultsStreptozotocin induced diabetic rats depicted the increased blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), diminished level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level and perturb level of antioxidant markers. Oral administration of MeAL at a concentration of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.w daily for 30 days results a momentous decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycated heamoglobin and enhancement of plasma insulin level as compared with STZ induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, it significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of TC, TG, and LDL-c, VLDL-c. While it increases the level of HDL-c to a significant (p < 0.05) level. The treatment also resulted in a marked increase in reduced glutathione, glutathione Peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase and diminished level of lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Histopathological studies suggest the diminution in the pancreatic, liver and cardiac muscle damage.ConclusionOur research exertion clearly indicates the considerable antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant & pancreas/renal/hepatic/cardiac protective action of ALEx.

BackgroundThe primary objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the antidiabetic, antihyperlidemic and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of the Paederia foetida Linn. (PF) leaf extract in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.MethodsSingle intraperitoneal injection (IP) of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) was used for induction of diabetes is swiss albino (wistar strain) rats. The induction of diabetes was confirmed after 3 days as noticing the increase in blood sugar level of tested rats. PF at a once a daily dose of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, p.o. along with glibenclamide 10 mg/kg, p.o. was also given for 28 days. On the 28th day rats from all the groups fasted overnight fasted and the blood was collected from the puncturing the retro orbit of the eye under mild anesthetic condition. There collected blood sample was used to determine the antihyperlipidemic, hypoglycemic and antioxidant parameters.ResultsThe oral acute toxicity studies did not show any toxic effect till the dose at 2000 mg/kg. While oral glucose tolerance test showed better glucose tolerance in tested rats. The statistical data indicated that the different dose of the PF significantly increased the body weight, hexokinase, plasma insulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxides. It also decreases the level of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, malonaldehyde, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-6-biphosphate and glycated hemoglobin in STZ induced diabetic rats. The histopathology of STZ induce diabetic rats, as expected the test dose of PF extract considerably modulates the pathological condition of various vital organ viz. heart, kidney, liver, pancreas as shown in the histopathology examinations.ConclusionsOur investigation has clearly indicated that the leaf extract of Paederia foetida Linn. showed remarkable antihyperglycemic activity due to its possible systematic effect involving in the pancreatic and extra pancreatic mechanism. Forever, the antihyperlipidemic activity was exerted possible by lowering the higher level of lipid profile and decreasing the intercalated disc space in the heart. The antioxidant activity of extract was due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and increasing the SOD, GPx and CAT. It was corroborate that the extract shown the Paederia foetida Linn leaves potential to be act as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties.

Health is most primary factor than money, if people are focused for the treatment of various disorders. As per NSSO report, 72% and 79% of rural and urban population using private hospital than government hospital even though private hospital having more cost of treatment than government hospital. Most of people are not using public hospitals mainly due to hygienic condition and low quality of their services. This paper basically deals with the patient perception towards the private and government hospitals in Hyderabad Region. The survey was done using a structured questionnaire for a sample size of 299 outpatients, out of which 130 female and 169 male patients. On basis of this data, we will analyze factor such as demographic, social and economic that responsible for choosing private and government hospital.

No abstract

CitationDubey GP, Sadhu A, Upadhyay P, et al. Combination treatment with a novel polyherbal formulation and metformin: a single blind placebocontrolled study in patients with T2DM and cognitive impairments. ABSTRACTBackground: Older people suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at major risk for age related cognitive dysfunction and dementia, mainly due to vascular complications. Studies have shown that T2DM is also associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and is responsible for accelerating the pathology through insulin resistance. A polyherbal drug containing Bacopa Monnieri, Hippophae rhamnoides and Dioscorea bulbifera has shown a potent neuroprotective effect in management of cognitive deficits in elderly; and metformin a well-accepted antidiabetic agent responsible for lowering blood glucose in T2DM, can together provide an intriguing potential combination therapy for prevention and amelioration of cognitive impairments in T2DM patients. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the combined effect of a polyherbal drug and metformin on improving cognitive functions in patients suffering from T2DM. Method: Elderly patients with an age range of 60-75 years diagnosed for T2DM were enrolled in the study and randomized into two groups; Group I=T2DM patients given metformin and placebo, Group II=T2DM patients given metformin and polyherbal drug. The subjects received the combination therapy of metformin (500 mg) and placebo or metformin (500 mg) and polyherbal drug (500 mg) twice daily for a period of 24 weeks. Estimation of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides), homocysteine, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and were repeated at three months and six months. The primary end point was a change from baseline to week 24 in MMSE score. Key secondary end points included change from baseline to week 24 in Digital Symbol Substitution (DSS); subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised), word recall (digital memory apparatusMedicaid systems, Chandigarh, India), attention span (Attention Span Apparatus -Medicaid systems, Chandigarh, India), Functional Activity Questionnaire (FAQ) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) score. Further inflammatory markers and level of oxidative stress were analysed using standard biochemical tests. Result: The trial was performed in 120 elderly diabetic patients out of whom 112 patients