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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a successive neurodegenerative disorder in the aged population. Many chemicals and phytochemicals are used to treat AD. Polyphenols which occur widely in various fruits, vegetables, beverages, and some other plant sources are gaining importance in AD treatment. Polyphenols comprise various subcategories, such as phenolic acids, lignans, tannins, stilbenes, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and flavonoids. These compounds, as sole entities or in combination, can be used for treating AD because they have an abundance of antioxidants that are reported to be effective in free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenols of various plant origins have been studied, and these have been supported by in vitro assays and in vivo studies in rodents. These molecules protect neurons against oxidative stress and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins which play a vital role in the pathogenesis of AD. Consumption of wine and other foods rich in polyphenols has a beneficial effect on the neuronal signaling pathways, playing a vital role in shielding neuronal cells from neurodegeneration. Their ability to reduce free radicals and chelate metals is of great advantage. In this review, we highlight the various polyphenols that inhibit neuronal damage and progression of AD while also providing a cure. Some of the polyphenols covered are hesperidin, resveratrol, curcumin, catechin, kaempferol, and quercetin. The mechanisms of the actions of three polyphenols are also elaborated.

Background and Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the total flower extracts offive medicinal plants widely used in folk medicine in India, against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.Methodology: The present work designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of five medicinal plants(flowers of Bauhinia purpurea, Clitoria ternatea, Millingtonia hortensis, Nyctanthes arbortristis and Combretumindicum) against panel of Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria using disk diffusion assays. Results:Among the plants screened, Combretum indicum showed effective and broad spectrum antibacterial activity withzones of inhibition ranging from 10.33±0.57 to 23.33±1.52mm. Among the other four plants, only Clitoria ternateashowed moderate antibacterial activity at high concentration. The other three did not show any antibacterial activity.The phytochemical analysis of the active crude extract from C. indicum revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids,phenols, flavonoids, quinonoids, alkaloids, glycosides and saponins. Moreover, C. indicum showed the highestactivity against the tested pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) values ranging from 125-1000μg/mL. The qualitative chemical characterization by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)revealed the presence of compounds such as beta-sitosterol, gallic acid, lupeol, rutin and quercetin which could beresponsible for its significant broad spectrum activity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the C.indicum flower extract could be probed further for possible use to control bacterial infections